异质层状钛合金增材构件微观组织与力学性能

郭顺; 徐俊强; 杨东青; 顾介仁; 周琦

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220711.001

异质层状钛合金增材构件微观组织与力学性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220711.001

郭顺^{1, 2,},
徐俊强^{1, 2},
杨东青^{1, 2, ,},
顾介仁^{1, 2},
周琦^{1, 2}

1.
南京理工大学　材料科学与工程学院，南京 210094
2.
南京理工大学　受控电弧智能增材技术工信部重点实验室，南京 210094

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年基金(52105367)；江苏省博士后资助计划(2021K591C)

详细信息

通讯作者:
杨东青，博士，副教授，研究方向为旁路电弧复合增材制造及焊接　E-mail: yangdq@njust.edu.cn

中图分类号: TG456.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-09
- 修回日期: 2022-06-24
- 录用日期: 2022-06-29
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-11
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-01

Microstructure and mechanical properties of heterogeneous layered titanium alloy components fabricated via additive manufacturing

GUO Shun^{1, 2
,},
XU Junqiang^{1, 2},
YANG Dongqing^{1, 2
, ,},
GU Jieren^{1, 2},
ZHOU Qi^{1, 2}

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Controlled Arc Intelligent Additive Manufacturing Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China

摘要

摘要: 采用双丝等离子实现了TC4与TA2交替沉积的异质层状钛合金构件的增材制造，构件具有良好的沉积形貌及力学性能。采用了OM、SEM、背散射电子衍射技术(EBSD)、XRD等方法对构件进行了微观组织表征，并结合显微硬度和压缩性能测试了其力学性能。研究结果表明：TA2和TC4区域主要组织分别是由片层α相和α+β的网篮组织/集束组织组成。各区域晶粒沿着热流反方向凝固生长，TC4区域与TA2区域的晶界特征和晶体取向具有相似规律，但由于异质材料相生长差异，层与层之间β相晶粒生长方向发生改变，TC4区域的原始β相会沿着已沉积TA2区域晶粒某一择优取向生长，进而限制了β相连续生长为粗大柱状晶。层状结构中TC4区域的硬度明显高于TA2区域，并沿着沉积方向硬度呈现增加的趋势。增材构件沿着不同方向具有接近的抗压强度，近2.0 GPa，但是TC4和TA2交替形成的层状特殊结构，其沿着沉积方向具有高的断裂应变(0.33)，沿着扫描方向具有高的屈服强度(1133 MPa)。
- 异质钛合金 /
- 层状材料 /
- 增材制造 /
- 微观组织 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: The additive manufacturing of heterogeneous layered titanium alloy is realized by the alternating deposition of TC4 and TA2 using a double wire plasma system. The components have good deposition morphology and mechanical properties. OM, SEM, backscattered electron diffraction technique (EBSD), XRD etc. were used to analyze the microstructure, mechanical properties were tested with microhardness and compression properties. The results show that TA2 and TC4 regions are mainly composed of lamellae α phase and α+β phase of basketweave and colonies structure. The grains in each region grow in the opposite direction of heat flow. The grain boundary characteristics and crystal orientation of TC4 region and TA2 region have similar laws, but due to the differences of phase growth of heterogeneous materials, the growth direction of β phase has changed between different layers, and the original β phase growth direction of TC4 region will grow along a preferred orientation of the deposited TA2 region, which limits the phenomenon of continuous growth of β phase into coarsened columnar crystal. In the layered structure, the hardness of TC4 region is significantly higher than that of TA2 region, and the hardness increases along the deposited direction. The component has close compressive strength along different directions, nearly 2.0 GPa, but the special layered structure formed alternately by TC4 and TA2 has high fracture strain (0.33) along the deposited direction and high yield strength (1133 MPa) along the travel direction.
- heterogeneous titanium alloy /
- layered materials /
- additive manufacturing /
- microstructure /
- mechanical properties

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图 1 层状TC4-TA2钛合金增材试样增材策略和宏观形貌

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of building strategy, and macrograph of the deposited wall of layered TC4-TA2 titanium alloy

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图 2 层状TC4-TA2钛合金不同区域的XRD图谱

Figure 2. XRD patterns of the specimen in the different regions of layered TC4-TA2 titanium alloy

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图 3 层状TC4-TA2钛合金增材构件宏观横截面和显微组织

Figure 3. Macro/micro-structure of the as-deposited samples of layered TC4-TA2 titanium alloy

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图 4 层状TC4-TA2钛合金背散射电子衍射技术(EBSD)测试结果：(a) 灰度图；(b) 物相分布图；(c) 反极图(IPF)；(d)图例

Figure 4. Backscattered electron diffraction technique (EBSD) results of layered TC4-TA2 titanium alloy: (a) Grayscale image; (b) Phase map; (c) Inverse pole figures (IPF); (d) Figure legends

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图 5 TA2区域 (a) 和TC4区域 (b) 晶粒取向差分布直方图； TA2区域 (c) 和TC4区域 (d) 的极图

Figure 5. Misorientation distribution maps in the TA2 (a) and TC4 (b) regions; Pole figures of the TA2 (c) and TC4 (d) regions

δ_HAGB—High angle grain boundary

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图 6 层状TC4-TA2钛合金不同区域晶粒尺寸分布

Figure 6. Grain size distribution in the different regions of layered TC4-TA2 titanium alloy

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图 7 层状TC4-TA2钛合金试样横截面显微硬度

Figure 7. Microhardness profile on the cross-section of layered TC4-TA2 titanium alloy specimens

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图 8 层状TC4-TA2钛合金增材试样压缩应力-应变曲线

Figure 8. Engineering stress-strain of as-deposited specimens of layered TC4-TA2 titanium alloy

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表 1 基板及焊丝化学成分

Table 1. Chemical compositions of base plate and wires wt%

Element	N	O	H	Fe	Al	V	Ti
Base plate	0.03	0.10	0.01	0.21	6.42	4.30	Bal.
Wire of TC4	0.02	0.12	0.01	0.19	6.09	3.94	Bal.
Wire of TA2	0.02	0.13	0.01	0.13	—	—	Bal.
Note: Bal.—Banlance.

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表 2 增材过程工艺参数

Table 2. Parameters of additive manufacturing

Parameters	Current/A	Deposition velocity/ (m·min⁻¹)	Shield gas flux/(L·min⁻¹)	Plasma gas flow rate/(L·min⁻¹)	Wire feeding speed of TC4/(m·min⁻¹)	Wire feeding speed of TA2/(m·min⁻¹)
	130	0.3	20	0.8	0.8	0.8

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表 3 层状TC4-TA2钛合金与单一材料TA2和TC4压缩性能公开报告与本研究对比

Table 3. Compressive properties of layered TC4-TA2 titanium alloy compared to that of single material of TA2 and TC4 published in the literatures

Material	Direction (test)	σ_CY/MPa	σ_UCS/MPa	ε_f/%	Percent change in σ_CY/%	Percent change in ε_f/%
CP-Ti ^[19-20]	Z	530	820	60.0	83.4	−45.0
CP-Ti SLM ^[21]	Z	620	1100	51.0	56.8	−35.3
CP-Ti SLM ^[21]	X	620	1050	51.0	82.7	−52.9
CP-Ti LENS ^{[19, 22]}	Z	395±10	880±15	50.0±2.0	146.1	−34.0
TC4SPS ^[23]	Z	1354	1735	10.0	−28.2	230
TC4SLM ^[24]	Z	1400±10	1699±17	18.6±4.9	−30.6	77.4
TC4SLM ^[24]	X	1375±20	1741±18.7	23.3±0.8	−17.6	3.0
TC4WAAM ^[25]	Z	960±12	1 918±18	13.8±1.0	1.3	139.1
TC4WAAM ^[25]	X	971±10	1 891±112	19.5±1.0	16.7	23.1
Notes: σ_CY—Compressive yield strength; σ_UCS—Ultimate compressive strength; ε_f—Fracture strain; CP-Ti—Commercially pure titanium; SLM—Selective laser melting; LENS—Laser engineered net shaping; SPS—Spark plasma sintering; WAAM—Wire and arc additive manufacturing.

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