Abstract: To investigate the axial compressive behavior of composite spiral stirrup-confined geopolymer recycled aggregate concrete (CSGRAC) short columns, using slenderness ratio, slag content, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, stirrup configuration, and stirrup spacing as experimental variables, 5 ordinary stirrup-confined geopolymer recycled aggregate concrete (GRAC) short columns and 9 CSGRAC short columns were designed and fabricated. Based on axial compression tests, the failure modes and load–displacement curves of each specimen were obtained, and the influences of slag content, stirrup spacing, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, slenderness ratio, and stirrup configurations on the axial compressive behavior and damage evolution of the specimens were systematically analyzed. The test results show that GRAC short columns predominantly fail in shear, whereas CSGRAC short columns exhibit denser surface cracks and more pronounced concrete cover spalling, ultimately undergoing compressive failure accompanied by pronounced lateral bulging deformation. The stirrup configuration significantly affects the failure mode of the specimens. As the slag content increased from 20% to 40% and 60%, the ultimate bearing capacity of GRAC short columns increased by 18.8% and 26.7%, respectively. Compared with the conventional stirrup specimen GRAC-2, the specimen with an internally embedded circular spiral stirrup (CSGRAC-3) exhibited increases of 12.1% and 7.5% in ultimate bearing capacity and initial stiffness, respectively. Composite spiral stirrups, particularly those with an internally embedded circular spiral stirrup, can significantly improve the ductility of GRAC short columns and effectively delay damage evolution. The findings of this study can provide a reference for the design and engineering application of GRAC short columns.