复合模板法制备高效防水、透湿及辐射冷却PDMS多孔膜

Preparation of PDMS porous membranes with high-efficiency waterproof, moisture-permeable, and radiative cooling properties via composite template

  • 摘要: 具备优异透湿性和防水性的可穿戴设备能够避免水蒸气在皮肤表面积聚,并抵御外界污染液体的侵蚀,提供安全舒适的长期穿戴体验。传统的固体模板法所制备的多孔膜难以形成相互贯通的孔隙结构,从而大幅影响水蒸气透过性,限制其作为可穿戴设备的实际应用。本文提出一种以新型蔗糖-转化糖浆复合物作为牺牲模板,制备具有高效防水、透湿及辐射冷却性能的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)多孔薄膜的方法。蔗糖-转化糖浆复合模板具有相互连接结构,导致所制备的多孔薄膜具备高孔隙率和连通孔隙的“窗口”结构,有助于水蒸气的快速通过,从而显著提高水蒸气透过性。在厚度为2 mm时,PDMS多孔膜的水蒸气透过率达到2666 g∙m−2∙d−1,远超传统固体模板所制备的多孔膜。微小的“窗口”结构及超疏水化修饰的表面有效阻止了液态水的渗透,在保证了高透湿性的同时为薄膜带来良好的防水性能。研究还发现,PDMS多孔膜具有高的中红外发射率和太阳光反射率,具备优异的辐射冷却性能,在高温环境下了实现平均5.8℃的亚环境降温效果。此外,该PDMS多孔膜还展现出良好的机械强度和耐磨性能,经过200次弯折实验及50次砂纸打磨测试后仍能够保持超疏水性能。本研究所制备的多孔膜在智能可穿戴设备及柔性电子器件领域展现出广泛的应用潜力。

     

    Abstract: Wearable devices with excellent moisture permeability and waterproof performance can prevent water vapor accumulation on the skin surface while resisting external contaminated liquids, providing a safe and comfortable long-term wearing experience. However, porous membranes prepared by traditional solid template methods are difficult to form interconnected pore structures, which seriously hinders the transmission of water vapor and limits their practical applications as wearable devices. A method is presented in this paper for preparing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) porous membranes with high-efficiency moisture-permeable, waterproof, and radiative cooling properties by using a sucrose-invert syrup complex as sacrificial template. Benefiting from the composite template with an interconnected structure, the prepared porous membrane has a high porosity and a "window" structure between pores that facilitates the rapid passage of water vapor and greatly increases water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). The WVTR of the porous membrane reaches 2666 g∙m−2∙d−1 at a thickness of 2 mm, which is far superior to the PDMS porous membrane prepared by conventional solid templates. The microsized "window" structure and superhydrophobic modified surface effectively prevent the penetration of liquid water, enabling the good waterproof performance of the membrane while ensuring high water vapor transmission rate. Meanwhile, the study indicates that the PDMS porous membrane has excellent radiation cooling characteristic due to the strong mid-infrared emissivity and high solar reflectivity, which results in an average subambient cooling effect of 5.8℃ in hot environment. Additionally, the PDMS porous membrane exhibits good strength and wear resistance, it maintains its superhydrophobicity even after 200 cycle of bending or 50 cycles of sandpaper abrasion. The porous PDMS membrane reported in this study provides a wide range of potential applications in flexible electronics and smart wearable technology.

     

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