Abstract: Unlike traditional methods of crushing, this study processed rice straw into segments through cutting, combined them with polyurethane foam(PUF), and prepared composite boards, enhancing the mechanical properties of PUF. The results indicate that the inner and outer surfaces of the rice straw bind tightly to PUF. The rice strawreinforced polyurethane foam (SPUF) composite retains excellent thermal conductivity while exhibiting superior bending strength and compressive strength compared to original PUF. The composite foam was subjected to flame-retardant modification using a one-step process to prepare flame-retardant insulation and decoration integrated boards.Among these, the boards decorated with calcium silicate panels, ceramic fiber panels, and stoneplastic panels demonstrated outstanding tensile bond strength.Their initial strength, waterresistant strength, and freezethaw resistance all exceed 100 kPa.The four fire-retardant SPUF insulation and decorated panels exhibit excellent bending load resistance, far exceeding their own weight, and meet the requirements of the construction industry.