M8 CVI 2D SiC/SiC沉头螺栓的制备与高温性能退化规律

Fabrication and High-Temperature Degradation Behavior of M8 CVI 2D SiC/SiC Countersunk Bolts

  • 摘要: 连续纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料紧固件具有优秀的高温力学性能,在航空航天领域备受关注。本文采用化学气相渗透工艺制备了M8 2D SiC/SiC沉头螺栓,经晶须改性工艺增韧后,系统研究其在室温、300℃、600℃、1000℃下的拉伸与双剪性能,依据有限元模拟以及微结构、物相演变,分析螺栓的断裂失效机制与高温性能退化机制。制备态微观结构观察表明,螺栓孔隙主要源自编织孔洞,且螺纹牙受切削力变化影响产生崩齿缺陷。基于试验和有限元模拟结果,M8 2D SiC/SiC螺栓拉伸的主要失效模式为螺柱拉断,室温下平均拉伸强度为282.58 MPa,1000℃下平均拉伸强度为208.4 MPa,拉伸强度退化率26.25%。M8 2D SiC/SiC螺栓双剪的主要失效模式为螺栓剪断,双剪强度未随温度升高而呈现下降趋势。1000℃以下,SiC基体与SiC纤维氧化程度较低,而BN界面相发生氧化,引起界面强化、热膨胀失配加剧,促进纤维脱粘。据此推断BN界面相的氧化损伤为M8 2D SiC/SiC螺栓拉伸强度退化的主导因素。

     

    Abstract: Continuous fiber-reinforced silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite fasteners exhibit exceptional high-temperature mechanical properties and have attracted considerable attention in the aerospace sector. In this study, M8 2D SiC/SiC countersunk-head bolts were fabricated via chemical vapor infiltration (CVI), followed by a whisker modification process for toughening. The tensile and double-shear mechanical properties of the bolts were systematically investigated at room temperature, 300℃, 600℃ and 1000℃. The failure mechanisms and high-temperature performance degradation mechanisms were analyzed based on finite element simulations and microstructural phase characterizations. Microstructural observations of the as-prepared bolts revealed that the porosity predominantly originated from weaving-induced voids, and that the thread teeth exhibited chipping defects caused by variations in cutting forces during machining. Based on experimental and finite element simulation results, the predominant failure mechanism of the M8 2D SiC/SiC bolts under tension was stud fracture. The average tensile strength was 282.58 MPa at room temperature and decreased to 208.4 MPa at 1000℃, corresponding to a strength degradation rate of 26.25%. Under double-shear loading, the primary failure mode was bolt fracture into three segments, and within the tested temperature range, the average double-shear strength did not exhibit a significant temperature dependence. Below 1000℃, oxidation of the SiC matrix and SiC fibers was relatively limited; however, oxidation of the BN interphase occurred, leading to interfacial strengthening and aggravated thermal expansion mismatch, which promoted fiber debonding. It is therefore inferred that oxidative damage to the BN interphase constitutes the dominant factor governing the tensile strength degradation of the M8 2D SiC/SiC bolts.

     

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