基于可拉伸导电复合材料的折线谐振器织物频率选择表面

Fabric-Based Frequency-Selective Surfaces with Meander-Line Resonators Based on Stretchable Conductive Composite materials

  • 摘要: 频率选择表面(FSS)能够在特定频段选择性透射或反射电磁波,在天线、滤波、屏蔽及可穿戴电磁器件等领域具有广泛应用。近年来,柔性、可折叠与可穿戴需求推动了织物基底FSS的研究,但织物基底固有的多孔结构、介电参数不均匀性以及在使用过程中不可避免的弯折与拉伸变形,易引发导电图案渗透扩散、界面附着力不足及电磁性能漂移等问题,显著增加了织物FSS的设计与制造难度。为此,本文提出一种基于折线方形谐振器的织物FSS单元结构,该结构在有限尺寸下实现低谐振频率响应,满足8.929 GHz带通指标要求。电磁仿真与分析结果表明,该折线方形谐振单元具有耦合分布均匀、等效电感–电容参数稳定且对局部几何形变不敏感等特性,能够在织物发生弯折或轻微拉伸条件下维持稳定的谐振行为,从而有效抑制谐振频点漂移。同时,制备了一种具备高导电性、低温固化与优异附着力的可拉伸导电浆料,并采用丝网印刷工艺在织物基底上构建周期性金属图案。测试结果表明,所制备织物FSS在8.929 GHz处表现出良好的透射性能,并在对折、揉搓及水洗等多种机械工况下保持稳定的方阻与电磁响应。研究验证了丝网印刷在可穿戴织物FSS中的可行性与可靠性,为柔性电磁器件的工程化提供了新的材料与结构设计方案。

     

    Abstract: Frequency-selective surfaces (FSS) selectively transmit or reflect electromagnetic waves within specific frequency bands, finding extensive applications in antennas, filtering, shielding, and wearable electromagnetic devices. In recent years, demands for flexibility, foldability, and wearability have spurred research into fabric-based FSS. However, the inherent porous structure of fabric substrates, their non-uniform dielectric parameters, and the inevitable bending and stretching deformations during use readily induce issues such as conductive pattern diffusion, insufficient interfacial adhesion, and electromagnetic performance drift. These factors significantly increase the design and manufacturing complexity of fabric FSS. To address this, this paper proposes a fabric FSS unit structure based on a zigzag square resonator. This structure achieves a low resonant frequency response within finite dimensions, meeting the 8.929 GHz bandpass requirement. Electromagnetic simulation and analysis reveal that this zigzag square resonator exhibits uniform coupling distribution, stable equivalent inductance-capacitance parameters, and insensitivity to local geometric deformation. It maintains stable resonant behaviour under fabric bending or minor stretching, effectively suppressing resonant frequency drift. Concurrently, a stretchable conductive paste exhibiting high conductivity, low-temperature curing, and excellent adhesion was developed. Periodic metallic patterns were fabricated on the fabric substrate via screen printing. Test results demonstrate that the fabricated textile FSS exhibits favourable transmission performance at 8.929 GHz, maintaining stable sheet resistance and electromagnetic response under various mechanical conditions including bending, rubbing, and washing. This research validates the feasibility and reliability of screen printing for wearable textile FSS, offering novel material and structural design solutions for the engineering of flexible electromagnetic devices.

     

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