Abstract: Traditional pressure sensors cannot address the issues of power supply and wear comfort during long-term signal detection, significantly impacting sensor performance and operational processes. Therefore, constructing self-powered pressure sensors capable of simultaneously achieving power supply and sensing functions has become necessary. Electrospun nanofibers, due to their controllable micro-nano structures, high specific surface area, and excellent mechanical properties, are widely applied in the material preparation and structural optimization of flexible self-powered sensors. This study systematically introduces the development and principles of electrospinning technology and self-powered pressure sensors, focusing on the commonly used electrospinning materials for self-powered pressure sensors and their preparation processes and performance characteristics in sensors. It also demonstrates the preparation strategy of electrospun fiber based self-powered pressure sensors, laying the foundation for their application in flexible electronic devices.