Abstract: In this article, the electromagnetic scattering control effect of metamaterial units on low-frequency 1-2 GHz electromagnetic waves was analyzed. Based on the composite electromagnetic structure of metamaterials/electromagnetic media, the vertical and oblique incident electromagnetic properties of electromagnetic functional composites containing periodic metamaterials and non-periodic metamaterials was studied. The results show that based on the unique electromagnetic characteristics of metamaterial units, scattering control of low-frequency 1-2 GHz electromagnetic waves can be achieved without increasing the material thickness, significantly improving the low-frequency electromagnetic wave attenuation effect of functional composites. The introduction of low-frequency periodic metamaterials can significantly enhance the low-frequency 1-2 GHz electromagnetic wave attenuation effect of functional composites under vertical incidence, while maintaining the wideband 2-18 GHz electromagnetic wave attenuation effect of the material. However, in the oblique incidence angle domain, grating lobes will be generated due to the periodic arrangement of the elements, reducing the electromagnetic performance of functional composites in the oblique incidence angle domain. The introduction of low-frequency non-periodic metamaterials can also significantly enhance the low-frequency 1-2 GHz electromagnetic wave attenuation effect of functional composites under vertical incidence, and the enhancement effect is not weakened compared to periodic metamaterials, while effectively avoiding the generation of oblique incidence angle domain grating lobes. Composites containing non-periodic metamaterials have good electromagnetic wave attenuation effects in a wide frequency and angle range, which can achieve an average reflectivity of ≤ -11.81 dB in the frequency range of 1-2 GHz; At 2-18 GHz, the average reflectivity is ≤ -15.29 dB.