新型仿生准零刚度隔振超材料设计

Design of bio-inspired quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolation metamaterials

  • 摘要: 针对传统线性隔振器固有频率受静态变形限制,难以同时兼顾高承载能力与优异低频隔振性能的矛盾,以及现有非线性隔振器组装繁琐、准零刚度区间窄等问题,本文受节肢动物肢体多折线M形生物构型启发,提出了一种多材料一体化成型的仿生准零刚度(Quasi-Zero Stiffness, QZS)隔振超材料。该结构创新性地利用热塑性聚氨酯(Thermoplastic Polyurethane, TPU)的超弹性提供非线性恢复力,并以聚乳酸(Polylactic Acid, PLA)框架提供刚性支撑,通过软-硬材料的协同变形,实现准零刚度超材料的强支撑与宽频域。本文首先构建了有限元模型,开展了灵敏度分析与准零刚度超材料参数优化,进而确定了兼具宽有效准零刚度行程与高平均承载力的近似最优构型,并构建了“QZS软单元+PLA刚性梁”交替堆叠的多层串联结构,与此同时,本文采用熔融沉积成型(Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM)双喷头3D打印技术制备了样件,并开展了静力压缩与扫频激振实验。结果表明:该结构具备显著的准零刚度非线性特征,静力实验与仿真吻合良好;相比单层结构,四层阵列结构在低频及超低频范围内展现出更宽的隔振带隙,有效抑制了共振峰值,最小振动传递率达−56 dB。该研究验证了仿生多材料超材料在低频微幅振动控制领域的应用潜力,为解决工程隔振难题提供了一种可设计、易制造的新方案。

     

    Abstract: In response to the inherent limitations of traditional linear vibration collators—whose natural frequency is constrained by static deflection, making it difficult to simultaneously achieve high load-bearing capacity and excellent low-frequency isolation performance—as well as the drawbacks of existing nonlinear collators, such as complex assembly and narrow quasi-zero-stiffness (QZS) ranges, this paper proposes a bio-inspired, multi-material, monolithic (Quasi-Zero Stiffness, QZS) immaterial for vibration isolation. The design draws inspiration from the multi-segmented “M”-shaped biological configuration observed in arthropod limbs. The proposed structure indicatively leverages the hyper elasticity of thermoplastic polyurethane (Thermoplastic Polyurethane, TPU) to generate nonlinear restoring forces, while a poly lactic acid (Polylactic Acid, PLA) framework provides rigid structural support. Through the cooperative deformation of the soft and hard materials, the quasi-zero-stiffness immaterial achieves both high load-bearing capacity and broadband performance. A finite element model was first established to conduct sensitivity analysis and parametric optimization of the QZS immaterial. An approximately optimal configuration was identified, balancing a wide effective QZS displacement range with high average load-bearing capacity. Subsequently, a multi-layer stacked architecture was developed, featuring alternating layers of “QZS soft units” and “PLA rigid beams.” Prototype samples were fabricated using dual-extrusion fused deposition modeling (Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM) 3D printing. Static compression and swept-sine excitation experiments were carried out to validate the design. Results show that the structure exhibits pronounced QZS nonlinear characteristics, with excellent agreement between experimental and simulated static responses. Compared to a single-layer configuration, the four-layer array demonstrates a significantly broader vibration isolation band gap in the low- and ultra-low-frequency ranges, effectively suppressing resonance peaks, with a minimum vibration admissibility reaching –56 dB. This study confirms the potential of bio-inspired, multi-material materialism for controlling low-frequency, small-amplitude vibrations and offers a novel, assignable, and easily manufacture solution to challenging engineering vibration isolation problems.

     

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