Abstract: Lightning strike damage to aircraft composite structures involves complex electromagnetic-thermal-electrical-mechanical multiphysical field effects. Shock force measurement methods based on shock stress wave transfer are an effective mean of isolating extremely strong electromagnetic environment and enabling measurements of mechanical impact presure of CFRP laminates subjected to lightning strikes. In this paper, through the study of stress wave measurement method based on transmission structure and the comparision the influence law of the stress transfer structure and the material on the stress transfer characteristics, a new measurement structure consisting of a transmission part (ZrO₂ ceramic rods)-PVDF-supporting components (ZrO₂ ceramic rods-Epoxy plate-Steel plate) was proposed with attenuation coefficients of more than 90%. A calibration method of piezoelectric relationship in the effective region of PVDF applicable to this transfer structure was formed and piezoelectric coefficients in different ranges were obtained. Furthermore, the influence of deformation of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites on the accuracy of impact force measurements was investigated, and an optimized approach to the attenuation coefficient of lightning impact applicable to CFRP was proposed. On this basis, an impact pressure measurement device suitable for lightning environment was designed and developed. Applied to the simulated lightning current injection experiment of CFRP, the lightning impact waveform was successfully measured, and the impact pressure generated by an 8/20 μs, 9.48 kA lightning current within a 5 mm diameter near the injection point was about 1.707 MPa. The present study can provide an experimental basis for the research of the quantitative evaluation of the lightning mechanical effects.