Abstract: A micromechanical model was developed to study the mechanical behavior of a composite system consisting of aligned shape memory alloy (SMA) short fiber in elastoplastic matrix in the uniform thermal field. The analytical model was based on the Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method and the Mori-Tanaka scheme. The numerical example illustrates the mechanical response of SMA short fiber composite under isothermal longitudinal cycle loading. The effects of temperature, fiber volume fraction and fiber aspect ratio on the residual stress and residual strain of the composite were discussed, which is helpful to design the intelligent composites.