Abstract: This paper elaborates on the preparation methods of metal-organic framework (MOFs)-based textile composites, including impregnation and coating methods, hot pressing method, and surface chemical modification method. The advantages and limitations of each technique in enhancing the interfacial interactions between MOFs and textile substrates, as well as improving the mechanical stability and washing resistance of the coatings are thoroughly discussed. On this basis, the application achievements of MOFs-modified textiles in the fields of superhydrophobicity and oil-water separation, adsorption and separation, printing and dyeing are comprehensively introduced, and the relationship between the structures and functional properties of different MOFs is clarified. Although MOFs-modified textiles have achieved remarkable results in the laboratory research stage, they still face many challenges in large-scale industrial production, long-term service stability, and environmental compatibility. Overall, this review provides a systematic and up-to-date reference for the optimization of preparation technologies and innovation of functional applications of MOFs-based textile composites, and prospects their future development directions in the sustainable textile industry and environmental governance.