SiC/SiC涡轮外环设计、制备与热冲击考核验证

Design, fabrication and thermal shock testing of SiC/SiC turbine shroud

  • 摘要: 涡轮外环是航空发动机典型热端静止件,是陶瓷基复合材料(Ceramic-matrix composites, CMCs)最先实现工程应用的热端部件。针对SiC/SiC涡轮外环纤维预制体设计、氮化硼界面相与SiC基体沉积方法、气膜孔精密加工以及燃气环境热冲击实验方法等开展研究,采用二维纤维预制体及针刺工艺制备SiC涡轮外环纤维预制体,在纤维预制体表面采用化学气相沉积(Chemical Vapor Infiltration, CVI)工艺沉积氮化硼界面相,采用CVI工艺沉积SiC基体,通过激光微加工技术加工SiC/SiC涡轮外环的气膜孔和表面方槽,加工成型后,分别在135014001450℃开展高温燃气环境热冲击实验,在实验过程中,采用红外热像仪监测SiC/SiC涡轮外环表面温度,获得温度-时间变化曲线,分析了升温、保温、降温阶段的温度变化率及温度变化导致的损伤模式,试验后对SiC/SiC涡轮外环表面进行扫描电镜细观损伤观察,采用X射线断层扫描(X-ray computed tomography, XCT)对其内部损伤进行分析,揭示其在不同温度热冲击环境下的细观损伤机制。

     

    Abstract: Turbine shroud is a typical hot-section static component of aero-engine, and it is also the first hot-section component of ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) to realize engineering applications. The design of SiC/SiC turbine shroud fiber preforms, boron nitride (BN) interphase and SiC matrix deposition methods, precision processing of air film holes, and gas environment thermal shock experimental methods were investigated. The SiC fiber preforms of turbine shrouds were prepared by two-dimensional fiber preforms and needle-punching process, and the chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) was used to deposit the BN interphase on the surface of the SiC fiber preforms. The SiC matrix was also deposited by the CVI process, and the air film holes, and surface square grooves of SiC/SiC turbine shroud were processed by the laser micromachining technology. After the processing and molding, the gas environment thermal shock experiments were conducted at 1350, 1400, and 1450℃, respectively. During the experiments, the surface temperatures of the turbine shrouds were monitored using the infrared thermal imaging, and the temperature-time curves were obtained. The temperature change rates in the heating, holding and cooling stages and the damage patterns caused by temperature changes were analyzed. After the experiments, the surfaces of SiC/SiC turbine shrouds were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for microscopic damage, and the internal damage was analyzed using X-ray computed tomography (XCT) to reveal its damage mechanisms under different temperature thermal shock environments.

     

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