Abstract: Due to their high specific capacity and energy density, lithium sulfur batteries (LSBs) are expected to become a reliable alternative to lithium-ion batteries. However, the shuttle effect and slow redox kinetics caused by lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) lead to rapid capacity decay of the battery during the charging and discharging process. To solve the above problems, a carbonized bacterial cellulose (CBC) nanofiber membrane was first prepared, and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were introduced on the surface of CBC by in-situ doping as the interlayer of lithium sulfur batteries. The introduced Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles suppress the shuttle effect of LiPSs through chemical adsorption, and the carbon substrate of CBC nanofiber membrane endows the positive electrode with rapid redox kinetics, improving the lithium storage performance of the positive electrode CBC@ Fe₃O₄. The lithium sulfur battery with nanofiber membrane exhibited an initial discharge specific capacity of 1252.8 mA·h·g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.2 C, and had a capacity retention rate of 60.65% after 100 cycles.