多组分复合水凝胶的湿度驱动发电性能

Performance of moisture-driven power generation based on multicomponent composite hydrogel

  • 摘要: 湿度发电技术可利用大气中广泛存在的水分实现持续电能输出,在柔性电子器件与分布式传感系统中展现出重要的应用潜力。然而,当前技术普遍存在吸湿动力学受限、输出功率低等问题,严重制约了实际应用。本文在羧甲基壳聚糖、γ-聚谷氨酸与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮构建的三元水凝胶体系中引入氮化钛纳米颗粒与吸湿盐氯化锂,开发制备了一种具有多组分协同效应的复合湿度发电材料(CMP–TiN@LiCl)。该材料通过化学交联构筑连续多孔三维网络,提供稳定的水分吸附与离子迁移通道,同时利用多孔结构对吸湿盐的有效限域作用及TiN-聚合物界面的极化效应,增强离子解离与定向输运能力,克服了传统有机水凝胶离子源不足与电荷传输受限的问题。所制器件在80%相对湿度、25℃条件下可实现0.671 V的开路电压与0.681 mA的稳定输出电流(对应电流密度约0.25 mA·cm−2),在12 h测试过程中性能未见衰减。相比已报道材料,该复合水凝胶在输出功率、稳定性及环境适应性方面具有综合优势,为开发低成本、高性能的湿度发电技术提供了依据。

     

    Abstract: Moisture-electric generation can continuously harvest electrical energy from ubiquitous ambient water, showing considerable potential for applications in flexible electronics and distributed sensing systems. However, its practical deployment is still limited by sluggish moisture adsorption kinetics and low output power. In this work, a multicomponent composite hydrogel (CMP–TiN@LiCl) is developed by incorporating titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles and the hygroscopic salt lithium chloride (LiCl) into a ternary hydrogel network composed of carboxymethyl chitosan, γ-polyglutamic acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The chemically crosslinked hydrogel forms a continuous three-dimensional porous network, which facilitates water uptake and ion transport. Meanwhile, the confinement of LiCl within the porous structure and the interfacial polarization at the TiN–polymer interface enhance ion dissociation and directional transport, alleviating the limitations of insufficient ion sources and restricted charge transport in conventional organic hydrogels. The assembled device delivers an open-circuit voltage of 0.671 V and a stable output current of 0.681 mA (corresponding to a current density of ~0.25 mA·cm−2) at 80% relative humidity and 25℃, with no observable performance degradation over 12 h. These results indicate that the CMP–TiN@LiCl hydrogel achieves a balanced improvement in output performance, stability, and environmental adaptability, providing a viable approach for the development of low-cost and high-performance moisture-enabled power generation systems.

     

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