Abstract:
Moisture-electric generation can continuously harvest electrical energy from ubiquitous ambient water, showing considerable potential for applications in flexible electronics and distributed sensing systems. However, its practical deployment is still limited by sluggish moisture adsorption kinetics and low output power. In this work, a multicomponent composite hydrogel (CMP–TiN@LiCl) is developed by incorporating titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles and the hygroscopic salt lithium chloride (LiCl) into a ternary hydrogel network composed of carboxymethyl chitosan, γ-polyglutamic acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The chemically crosslinked hydrogel forms a continuous three-dimensional porous network, which facilitates water uptake and ion transport. Meanwhile, the confinement of LiCl within the porous structure and the interfacial polarization at the TiN–polymer interface enhance ion dissociation and directional transport, alleviating the limitations of insufficient ion sources and restricted charge transport in conventional organic hydrogels. The assembled device delivers an open-circuit voltage of 0.671 V and a stable output current of 0.681 mA (corresponding to a current density of ~0.25 mA·cm
−2) at 80% relative humidity and 25℃, with no observable performance degradation over 12 h. These results indicate that the CMP–TiN@LiCl hydrogel achieves a balanced improvement in output performance, stability, and environmental adaptability, providing a viable approach for the development of low-cost and high-performance moisture-enabled power generation systems.