Abstract: Water-evaporation-based electricity generation (WEG) technology has attracted much attention due to its unique energy conversion mechanism. However, traditional hydroelectric power generation devices often rely on reservoirs or directional moisture diffusion devices as water supply carriers, which to some extent limits their portability and application flexibility. To solve this problem, this research innovatively uses hydrogel as the water supply medium, and combines the ammoniated wood chips (p-Wood) and carboxylated wood chips (n-Wood) to construct a new type of wood chip/hydrogel hydro voltaic power generation device (WHEG). The influence of configuration mode of wood chip and hydrogel, type of hydrogel, thickness ratio of wood chip and environmental conditions on WHEG power generation performance was systematically investigated. The experimental results show that, with polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel as the water supply layer, the thickness ratio of p-Wood to n-Wood is 1∶3, and the assembly mode of MD (p-Wood upper layer,n-Wood middle layer, PAA hydrogel lower layer) is adopted, the WHEG shows the optimal power generation performance. At a relative humidity of 74%, the device can generate a voltage of 830 mV. When the external load resistance is 110 kΩ, its maximum short-circuit current density can reach 23.2 μA/cm², and the unit volume power density is 11.07 μW/cm³. In addition, by connecting 6 WHEG devices in series, the output voltage can be increased to 4.43 V, which is sufficient to drive small electronic devices such as timers and LED bulbs. This study provides new ideas and technological paths for the development of portable and efficient hydroelectric power generation devices.