Abstract: High-temperature exhaust gas generated during industrial production processes contains large amount of particulate matters (PM), which must be effectively removal before it can be discharged up to the required emission standards. Therefore, air filtration materials which suitable for harsh environments, such as high temperatures, are particularly important. In this study, a PPTA pulps/ANFs hybrid composite air filtration material prepared with poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) needle-punched nonwovens as the substrate, while PPTA pulps and PPTA nanofibers (ANFs) served as the web-forming fiber materials. The PPTA pulps and ANFs were deposited onto the surface of the PPTA needle-punched nonwovens via a wet-laid web-forming technique, constructing a PPTA pulps/ANFs hybrid composite air filtration material with a dense fibrous network. By varying the contents of PPTA pulps and ANFs in the fiber suspension slurry, the effects of the loading amounts of PPTA pulps and ANFs on the surface of the composite air filtration materials on the microstructure, pore structure, and air filtration performance were investigated. The results showed that the loading amounts of PPTA pulps and ANFs can effectively regulate the microstructure and air filtration performance of the composite air filtration materials. When the loading amounts of PPTA pulps and ANFs on the surface of the composite air filtration materials were 125 g·m⁻² and 1.2 g·m⁻², respectively, the prepared composite air filtration materials exhibited an excellent performance, with a PM2.5 filtration efficiency of 98.9% and a pressure drop of 106.3 Pa. Moreover, after high-temperature treatment, organic solvent immersion, and repeated bending, its filtration performance remained stable. The prepared PPTA pulps/ANFs hybrid composite air filtration material shows potential application in the treatment of industrial high-temperature exhaust gas.