Abstract: In order to achieve efficient finishing processing of the mould free-form surface with high hardness and high abrasion resistance, a new method of Lyocell short fiber reinforced pneumatic wheel substrate was put forward, and the theory model of Lyocell short fiber reinforced rubber composites and the structure model of pneumatic wheel were analyzed.Tensile test of composite samples were carried out by Instron tensile testing machine and the ultimate strength was studied through error analysis.The test values and theoretical values of elastic modulus were contrasted and analyzed, and proved that the shear-lag model can predict the elastic modulus of pneumatic wheel substrate accurately.The pressure changing and the strain range of the pneumatic wheel with different short fiber contents during finishing process were simulated and analyzed, and the feasibility of short fiber reinforced pneumatic wheel substrate was verified.Ideal contact angle was obtained by analyzing the stress level and processing area when convex surface contacts with pneumatic wheel in different angles.The material removal tests of high hardness convex surface show the advisability of the theory of short fiber reinforced pneumatic wheel substrate and the simulation of pneumatic wheel test.