高温及氧化作用对陶瓷基复合材料循环变形失效机制影响规律研究

CMC fracture mechanisms under static and fatigue loading at different temperatures

  • 摘要: 探索高温及氧化作用对编织SiC纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料(CMC)静强度与循环变形影响规律,在室温和1100℃高温的空气环境中对CMC开展了单向拉伸和循环加卸载力学性能测试。材料的拉伸行为在室温和高温条件下均呈现双线性特征,且室温时发生第二非线性。高温导致材料拉伸强度和刚度下降,但内部材料织构齐次化,力学性能更加均匀。通过扫描电子显微镜表征失效试件断口形貌,发现高温时由于界面层发生氧化导致纤维与基体结合力减弱,纤维拔出长度增加;在循环加卸载过程中,复合材料纤维与基体的损伤显著加剧,表现为纤维拔出长度增加、纤维断口形貌不规则、裂纹沿纤维轴向非连续扩展、纤维多重损伤以及界面层与纤维间空隙的增大。采用能谱仪分析氧化特性,发现高温环境会加速材料的氧化反应,并且氧化现象主要发生在界面层。

     

    Abstract: This study investigates the effects of high temperature and oxidation on the static strength and cyclic deformation behavior of braided SiC fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). Uniaxial tensile and cyclic loading-unloading mechanical property tests were conducted on CMCs at room temperature and in a high-temperature environment of 1100℃. The tensile behavior of the material exhibits a bilinear characteristic under both room temperature and high-temperature conditions, with an additional nonlinearity occurring specifically at room temperature. High temperature results in a decrease in the tensile strength and stiffness of the material but also leads to the homogenization of the internal material texture, yielding more uniform mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy characterization of the fracture morphology of failed specimens revealed that, at high temperatures, oxidation of the interface layer reduces the bonding strength between fibers and the matrix, resulting in an increased fiber pull-out length. During cyclic loading-unloading, damage between fibers and the matrix in the composite material intensified significantly, characterized by increased fiber pull-out length, irregular fiber fracture morphology, discontinuous crack propagation along the fiber axis, multiple fiber damages, and increased gaps between the interface layer and fibers. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis of the oxidation characteristics showed that a high-temperature environment accelerates the oxidation reaction of the material, with oxidation phenomena primarily occurring at the interface layer.

     

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