3D打印聚吡咯纳米管/聚二甲基硅氧烷应变传感复合材料的制备与性能

Preparation and properties of 3D printed polypyrrole nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane strain sensing composites

  • 摘要: 柔性电阻式应变传感器作为柔性传感器中重要的一类,具有柔性好、结构简单、数据读取便捷等优点,在多个领域中已有广泛应用。现有研究中,用于填充型应变传感器复合材料的导电填料多以金属导电粉末和碳系导电粉末为主,较少有单独使用导电聚合物的报道。本文以甲基橙(MO)为掺杂剂,无水三氯化铁(FeCl3)为氧化剂,通过化学氧化法聚合制得聚吡咯纳米管(PPy-N),电导率高达121.70 S·cm−1。以PPy-N为导电填料和增稠剂,聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为基体,通过机械共混制成打印墨水,采用直写式3D打印机和智能流变仪表征墨水的可打印性和流变性能;采用SEM、智能拉伸机、数字万用表、DSC等仪器对3D打印固化后的试样进行表征和性能测试,研究PPy-N的浓度对PPy/PDMS复合材料微观形貌、电学性能、力学性能、差热性能、动态热力学性能和应变传感性能的影响。结果表明:PPy-N浓度达到5.98wt%~7.56wt%时,墨水具有良好的打印能力。其中5.98wt%的墨水在连续20层打印测试中表现出优异的打印性能,所打印哑铃型拉伸试样在单一拉伸测试中的抗拉强度和断裂伸长率可达3.02 MPa和178.64%,敏感因子(GF)高达36.14;在100次循环拉伸测试中具有较低的电阻信号峰值稳定系数(α=1.714)和肩峰比例(Psp=9.8%),在1000次循环拉伸测试中表现出较好的耐久性和稳定性。用该墨水所制备的人体皮肤传感贴片在对手指、手腕、手肘和膝盖关节的运动监测中具有良好的信号稳定性和可重复性,证明了3D打印PPy-N/PDMS复合材料在柔性电子、可穿戴设备和人体运动监测领域中具有一定的应用前景。

     

    Abstract: Flexible resistive strain sensors, as an important category of flexible sensors, have been widely applied across various fields due to their good flexibility, simple structure, and easy data readout. In existing studies, conductive fillers used in composite materials for filled strain sensors mainly consist of metallic conductive powders and carbon-based conductive powders, with few reports on the use of conductive polymers alone. Polypyrrole nanotubes (PPy-N) were synthesized by chemical oxidation polymerization using methyl orange (MO) as a dopant and anhydrous ferric chloride (FeCl3) as an oxidant, with a high conductivity of up to 121.70 S·cm−1. PPy-N were used as conductive fillers and thickeners, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was used as the matrix to prepare printing ink by mechanical blending. The printability and rheological properties of the ink were characterized using a direct-writing 3D printer and an intelligent rheometer. The 3D printed samples were characterized and tested using SEM, intelligent tensile tester, digital multimeter, DSC and other instruments to investigate the effect of PPy-N concentration on the microstructure, electrical properties, mechanical properties, differential thermal properties, dynamic thermodynamic properties, and strain sensing properties of PPy-N/PDMS composite materials. The results show that the ink exhibits good printability when the concentration of PPy-N reaches 5.98wt%-7.56wt%. The ink with 5.98wt% shows superior performance in 20-layer continuous printing tests, with the printed dumbbell-shaped tensile specimens achieving a tensile strength of 3.02 MPa and an elongation at break of 178.64%, and a high gauge factor (GF) of 36.14. In 100-cycle tensile tests, the ink shows low resistance signal peak stability coefficient (α=1.714) and shoulder peak proportion (Psp=9.8%). It also exhibits good durability and stability in 1000-cycle tensile tests. The skin sensor patches made from this ink exhibit good signal stability and repeatability in monitoring finger, wrist, elbow, and knee joint movements, indicating that 3D-printed PPy-N/PDMS composites have potential applications in flexible electronics, wearable devices, and human motion monitoring.

     

/

返回文章
返回