Abstract: The influence of tension damage on residual compression strength and failure mode of open-hole composite laminates was investigated by tests and numerical analysis. In terms of test, firstly, two degrees of tension damage were introduced through the tension test of open-hole composite laminates, and the degree of tension damage was characterized and quantified by the thermal decal method. Then, the compression test of open-hole composite laminates with tension damage was carried out, the load-displacement curve was recorded. The damage evolution characteristics were observed by digital imaging correlation (DIC), strain gauge, macro camera and other means. In terms of numerical analysis, a progressive damage failure model based on LaRC failure criteria was constructed to describe the intralaminar damage evolution, and cohesive elements method was established to describe the interlaminar damage of composite materials. Based on this model, the damage expansion law of open-hole composite laminates was explored. The experimental results show that the damage caused by tensile load is mainly matrix crack and delamination damage, and the delamination damage is greater between layers with small angle between loading direction and fiber direction. Tension damage will further aggravate the strain concentration around the hole, resulting in an asymmetric strain in the neighboring region of the hole, leading to the local buckling of the structure earlier, and then inducing the overall failure of the structure. Compared with the open-hole composite laminates without tension damage, the open-hole composite laminates with tension damage can reduce the compressive bearing capacity of the structure by 25.8%. The constructed numerical calculation model can accurately predict the delamination damage caused by the shear stress around the hole under tensile load and the evolution characteristics of the strain field in the compression stage, and can also reveal the difference in the compression damage expansion mode of the open-hole composite laminates with different degrees of tension damage, and explore the effects of fiber bending failure, matrix damage and interlayer delamination on the structural bearing capacity. This work can provide support for structural design and determination of residual strength of open-hole composite laminates under varying loading.