Abstract: A vibration response analysis model was established for a fiber-reinforced composite thin-walled truncated conical shell. Based on the structural characteristics of the fiber-reinforced composite thin-walled truncated conical shell, the theoretical modeling of the structure was carried out using plate shell vibration theory and complex elastic modulus methods, considering the angle between the basic excitation load direction and the generatrix, the angle between the fiber laying direction and the x-axis. The vibration mode function was expressed using the bi-directional beam function method, and the natural characteristics and vibration response were solved using the energy method and modal superposition method. In order to verify the correctness of the model, vibration characteristic tests were conducted on a TC300/epoxy resin-based fiber-reinforced composite thin-walled truncated cone shell using a self-built vibration test platform. To reduce the influence of material parameter errors caused by sample processing, a dichotomous particle swarm algorithm iteration method was developed to correct the material parameters. The results show that the maximum error between the test results and the theoretically calculated resonance response is within 3.0%, which verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed theoretical model and calculation method.