Abstract: To study the axial compressive performance of basalt fiber reinforced recycled concrete (BFRRC)-filled circular steel tubular stub columns, the replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregate and the content of basalt fiber were designed as the variable parameters and the axial compression performance tests on 15 BFRRC-filled circular steel tubular stub column specimens were carried out. The failure mode and whole loading process of the specimen were characterized. The load-displacement and load-strain curves of the specimen were obtained. The influence of design parameter on the BFRRC-filled circular steel tubular stub column specimens was analyzed. A feasible full-curve equation of composite-section stress versus strain was established. It is observed that the specimen undergoes buckling damage, but the internal BFRRC is crushed but “broken and not scattered”. On increasing the replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregate, the energy dissipation capacity and ductility coefficient of the specimen are gradually increased, the maximum increasing extent for energy dissipation capacity and ductility coefficient are 1.84% and 10.36%, respectively, whereas the bearing capacity is gradually decreased, and the maximum increasing extent of bearing capacity is 5.03%. On increasing the basalt fiber content, the energy dissipation capacity and ductility coefficient of the specimen are gradually increased, the maximum increasing extent for energy dissipation capacity and ductility coefficient are 2.97% and 4.93%, respectively, whereas little increase appears about the bearing capacity. The measured load-displacement curve of the specimen with different basalt fiber content is full, and it has a long deformation flow, which presents satisfactory ductility.