Recent Progress on Silicon Source Materials and the Related Preparation Process of Silicon-Based Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

GONG Jun; SONG Peng; LIU Xinghan; TANG Yanhong; TAN Kaiwen; LI Yejun

Volume 41 Issue 7

Jul. 2024

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica > 2024 > 41(7): 3507-3518

GONG Jun, SONG Peng, LIU Xinghan, et al. Recent Progress on Silicon Source Materials and the Related Preparation Process of Silicon-Based Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2024, 41(7): 3507-3518.

Citation:

GONG Jun, SONG Peng, LIU Xinghan, et al. Recent Progress on Silicon Source Materials and the Related Preparation Process of Silicon-Based Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2024, 41(7): 3507-3518.

Citation:

PDF( 7734 KB)

Recent Progress on Silicon Source Materials and the Related Preparation Process of Silicon-Based Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

GONG Jun^{1, 2, 4
,
,},
SONG Peng¹,
LIU Xinghan³,
TANG Yanhong¹,
TAN Kaiwen³,
LI Yejun^{2, 3}

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
2.
Hunan CHMM-Sunward New Material Co., Ltd, Changsha 410119, China
3.
School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
4.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received Date: 2023-09-27
Accepted Date: 2024-01-08
Rev Recd Date: 2023-12-25

Available Online: 2024-02-02

Publish Date: 2024-07-15

Abstract

Abstract

With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the traditional graphite carbon-based anodes can no longer meet the increasing demand for high performance lithium-ion battery, especially in terms of capacity. Silicon, boasting an exceptionally high theoretical capacity, serves as a promising anode material capable of significantly enhancing battery performance, showcasing tremendous development potential, where the silicon source materials, the morphology and size of the silicon particles, and the fabrication process play dominant roles on the performance of silicon-based anodes. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent research progresses on the silicon-based anode materials, with a specific emphasis on the selection of silicon source materials, silicon nanostructuring technologies, and the preparation processes. Moreover, it accentuates the challenges and existing problems associated with the different silicon sources as well as the related preparation processes for the silicon-based anode materials, which will eventually provide deep insights for the advancement of silicon-based anodes in lithium-ion battery.
- silicon,
- anode material,
- nano miniaturization,
- lithium-ion battery,
- electrochemical performance
Long Abstrsct
Innovation Points

FullText(HTML)

References(62)

References

[1]	WANG F, LI P, LI W, et al. Electrochemical synthesis of multidimensional nanostructured silicon as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion battery[J]. ACS nano, 2022, 16(5): 7689-7700. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11393
[2]	石永刚, 张志勇, 陈彬, 等. 硅化镁还原 CO₂ 一步原位合成 Si/C 复合负极[J]. 复合材料学报, 2021, 38(10): 3522-3528. SHI Yonggang, ZHANG Zhiyong, CHEN Bing, et al. In-situ synthesis of Si/C composites anode by one-step reduction of CO₂ with magnesium silicide[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2021, 38(10): 3522-3528(in Chinese).
[3]	HOU Y L, YANG Y, MENG W J, et al. Core-shell structured Si@Cu nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon cages as high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2021, 874: 159988. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.159988
[4]	PATEL Y, VANPARIYA A, MUKHOPADHYAY I. Si-decorated CNT network as negative electrode for lithium-ion battery[J]. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2023, 27(2): 501-510. doi: 10.1007/s10008-022-05340-6
[5]	DOU F, SHI L, CHEN G, et al. Silicon/carbon composite anode materials for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Electrochemical Energy Reviews, 2019, 2(1): 149-198. doi: 10.1007/s41918-018-00028-w
[6]	POLAT B D, KELES O, Multi-layered Cu/Si nanorods and its use for lithium ion batteries[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2015, 622: 418-425.
[7]	QIUSHI W, TAO M, YUHANG L, et al. Corrigendum to ‘Consecutive chemical bonds reconstructing surface structure of silicon anode for high-performance lithium-ion battery’[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2021, 39: 354-364 doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2021.04.043
[8]	HEISKANEN S K , KIM J , LUCHT B L . Generation and Evolution of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase of Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Joule, 2019, 3(10): 2322-2333.
[9]	LI Y, WANG R, ZHANG J, et al. Sandwich structure of carbon-coated silicon/carbon nanofiber anodes for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Ceramics International, 2019, 45(13): 16195-16201. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.05.141
[10]	HOU L, ZHENG H, CUI R, et al. Silicon carbon nanohybrids with expandable space: A high-performance lithium battery anodes[J]. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2019, 275: 42-49. doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2018.08.014
[11]	CASIMIR A, ZHANG H, OGOKE O, et al. Silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries: Effectiveness of materials synthesis and electrode preparation[J]. Nano Energy, 2016, 27: 359-376. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.07.023
[12]	刘琦, 郝思雨, 冯东, 等. 锂离子电池负极材料研究进展[J]. 复合材料学报, 2022, 39(4): 1446-1456. LIU Qi , HAO Siyu, FENG Dong, et al. Research progress of anode materials for lithium ion battery[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2022, 39(4): 1446-1456(in Chinese).
[13]	YI Z, QIAN Y, CAO C, et al. Porous Si/C microspheres decorated with stable outer carbon interphase and inner interpenetrated Si@C channels for enhanced lithium storage[J]. Carbon, 2019, 149: 664-671. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.04.080
[14]	CASIMIR A , ZHANG H , OGOKE O , et al. Silicon-based Anode for Lithium-ion Batteries: Effectiveness of Materials Synthesis and Electrode Preparation[J]. Nano Energy, 2016, 27: 359-376.
[15]	YANG Y, YANG H X, WU Y Q, et al. Graphene caging core-shell Si@ Cu nanoparticles anchored on graphene sheets for lithium-ion battery anode with enhanced reversible capacity and cyclic performance[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2020, 341: 136037. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136037
[16]	PARK E, KIM J, CHUNG D J, et al. Si/SiO_x-Conductive Polymer Core-Shell Nanospheres with an Improved Conducting Path Preservation for Lithium-Ion Battery[J]. ChemSusChem, 2016, 9(19): 2754-2758. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201600798
[17]	YI Z, LIN N , XU T , et al. TiO₂ coated Si/C interconnected microsphere with stable framework and interface for high-rate lithium storage[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, 347: 214-222.
[18]	CHU H, WU Q, HUANG J, et al. Rice husk derived silicon/carbon and silica/carbon nanocomposites as anodic materials for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2018, 558: 495-503.
[19]	KROISOVÁ D, DVOŘÁČKOVÁ Š, YAHYA R, et al. Rice Husks-Potential Source of Cellulose Microfibers/Nanofibers and Biogenic Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles[C]//Key Engineering Materials. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022, 927: 149-153.
[20]	SUDARMAN S, TAUFIK M. Synthesis and application of nano-silicon prepared from rice husk with the hydrothermal method and its use for anode lithium-ion batteries[J]. Materials Science for Energy Technologies, 2024, 7: 1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.mset.2023.07.003
[21]	YANG X, SONG Z, VAN ZWIETEN L, et al. Spatial distribution of plant-available silicon and its controlling factors in paddy fields of China[J]. Geoderma, 2021, 401: 115215. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115215
[22]	CUI J, CUI Y, LI S, et al. Microsized porous SiO_x@ C composites synthesized through aluminothermic reduction from rice husks and used as anode for lithium-ion batteries[J]. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2016, 8(44): 30239-30247.
[23]	ZHANG Y C, YOU Y, XIN S, et al. Rice husk-derived hierarchical silicon/nitrogen-doped carbon/carbon nanotube spheres as low-cost and high-capacity anodes for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Nano energy, 2016, 25: 120-127. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.04.043
[24]	FAN X, YIN B, WU T, et al. Rice Husk-Based 3D Porous Silicon/Carbon Nanocomposites as Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Energy Technology, 2019, 7(6): 1800787. doi: 10.1002/ente.201800787
[25]	FENG Y , LIU L , LIU X , et al. Enabling the ability of Li storage at high rate as anodes by utilizing natural rice husks-based hierarchically porous SiO₂/N-doped carbon composites[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2020, 359: 136933.
[26]	DAULAY A, GEA S. Synthesis and application of silicon nanoparticles prepared from rice husk for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 2022, 6: 100256. doi: 10.1016/j.cscee.2022.100256
[27]	LI D, YAN X, ZHANG X, et al. Improving long-cycle stability of rice husk–derived Si/C by coating it with rationally designed carbon[J]. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2022, 12: 1-15.
[28]	ZHAO Z, XIE H, QU J, et al. A natural transporter of silicon and carbon: conversion of rice husks to silicon carbide or carbon-silicon hybrid for lithium-ion battery anodes via a molten salt electrolysis approach[J]. Batteries & Supercaps, 2019, 2(12): 1007-1015.
[29]	LIU J, KOPOLD P, VAN AKEN P A, et al. Energy storage materials from nature through nanotechnology: a sustainable route from reed plants to a silicon anode for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Angewandte Chemie, 2015, 127(33): 9768-9772. doi: 10.1002/ange.201503150
[30]	GARCÍA-GAYTÁN V, BOJÓRQUEZ-QUINTAL E, HERNÁNDEZ-MENDOZA F, et al. Polymerized silicon (SiO₂·nH₂O) in equisetum arvense: potential nanoparticle in crops[J]. Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 2019, 64(1): 4298-4302. doi: 10.4067/s0717-97072019000104298
[31]	李昆儒, 胡省辉, 张正富, 等. 源于溪木贼的高性能锂离子电池三维多孔生物质硅/碳复合负极材料[J]. 无机材料学报, 2021, 36(9): 929-935. doi: 10.15541/jim20200525 LI Kunru, HU Xinghui, ZHANG Zhengfu, et al. Three-dimensional porous biogenic Si/C composite for high performance lithium-ion battery anode derived from equisetum fluviatile[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(9): 929-935(in Chinese). doi: 10.15541/jim20200525
[32]	SHEN L , GUO X , FANG X , et al. Magnesiothermically reduced diatomaceous earth as a porous silicon anode material for lithium ion batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2012, 213: 229-232.
[33]	GUO L, ZHANG S, XIE J, et al. Controlled synthesis of nanosized Si by magnesiothermic reduction from diatomite as anode material for Li-ion batteries[J]. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 2020, 27(4): 515-525. doi: 10.1007/s12613-019-1900-z
[34]	DI F, WANG N, LI L, et al. Coral-like porous composite material of silicon and carbon synthesized by using diatomite as self-template and precursor with a good performance as anode of lithium-ions battery[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2021, 854: 157253. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.157253
[35]	MIAO R, YANG J, WU Y, et al. Nanoporous silicon from low-cost natural clinoptilolite for lithium storage[J]. RSC advances, 2015, 5(70): 56772-56779.
[36]	FAVORS Z, WANG W, BAY H H, et al. Scalable synthesis of nano-silicon from beach sand for long cycle life Li-ion batteries[J]. Scientific reports, 2014, 4(1): 1-7.
[37]	MAGASINSKI A , DIXON P , HERTZBERG B, et al. High-performance lithium-ion anodes using a hierarchical bottom-up approach[J]. Nature Materials, 2010, 9(5): 461-461.
[38]	MESARITIS G, SYMEOU E, DELIMITIS A, et al. Recycling Si-kerf from photovoltaics: A very promising route to thermoelectrics[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, 775: 1036-1043. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.10.050
[39]	POWELL D M, WINKLER M T, CHOI H J, et al. Crystalline silicon photovoltaics: a cost analysis framework for determining technology pathways to reach baseload electricity costs[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2012, 5(3): 5874-5883.
[40]	WAGNER N P, TRON A, TOLCHARD J R, et al. Silicon anodes for lithium-ion batteries produced from recovered kerf powders[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2019, 414: 486-494. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.01.035
[41]	YANG H L, LIU I T, LIU C E, et al. Recycling and reuse of kerf-loss silicon from diamond wire sawing for photovoltaic industry[J]. Waste Management, 2019, 84: 204-210. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.11.045
[42]	LI J, LIN Y, WANG F, et al. Progress in recovery and recycling of kerf loss silicon waste in photovoltaic industry[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2021, 254: 117581. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117581
[43]	SHI J, JIANG X, BAN B, et al. Carbon nanotubes-enhanced lithium storage capacity of recovered silicon/carbon anodes produced from solar-grade silicon kerf scrap[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2021, 381: 138269. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138269
[44]	LIU W, LIU J, ZHU M, et al. Recycling of lignin and Si waste for advanced Si/C battery anodes[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020, 12(51): 57055-57063.
[45]	RYU I, CHOI J W, CUI Y, et al. Size-dependent fracture of Si nanowire battery anodes[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2011, 59(9): 1717-1730. doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2011.06.003
[46]	LIU X H, ZHONG L, HUANG S, et al. Size-dependent fracture of silicon nanoparticles during lithiation[J]. ACS nano, 2012, 6(2): 1522-1531. doi: 10.1021/nn204476h
[47]	CHO W C, KIM H J, LEE H I, et al. 5L-scale magnesio-milling reduction of nanostructured SiO₂ for high capacity silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries[J]. Nano letters, 2016, 16(11): 7261-7269. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03762
[48]	NILSSEN B E, KLEIV R A. Silicon powder properties produced in a planetary ball mill as a function of grinding time, grinding bead size and rotational speed[J]. Silicon, 2020, 12(10): 2413-2423. doi: 10.1007/s12633-019-00340-0
[49]	ZHU X, CAI X, ZHANG S, et al. The Impact of Ball Milling Process Parameters on the Preparation of Nano Silicon Powder[J]. Integrated Ferroelectrics, 2021, 217(1): 255-264. doi: 10.1080/10584587.2021.1911318
[50]	LI J, YANG J Y, WANG J T, et al. A scalable synthesis of silicon nanoparticles as high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Rare Metals, 2019, 38(3): 199-205. doi: 10.1007/s12598-017-0936-3
[51]	MADDIPATLA R, LOKA C, CHOI W J, et al. Nanocomposite of Si/C anode material prepared by hybrid process of high-energy mechanical milling and carbonization for Li-ion secondary batteries[J]. Applied Sciences, 2018, 8(11): 2140. doi: 10.3390/app8112140
[52]	HOSEINPUR A, ANDERSSON S, TANG K, et al. Selective vacuum evaporation by the control of the chemistry of gas phase in vacuum refining of Si[J]. Langmuir, 2021, 37(24): 7473-7485. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00876
[53]	OHTA R, FUKADA K, TASHIRO T, et al. Effect of PS-PVD production throughput on Si nanoparticles for negative electrode of lithium ion batteries[J]. Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics, 2018, 51(10): 105501. doi: 10.1088/1361-6463/aaab37
[54]	WOLLNY P, MENSER J, ENGELMANN L, et al. The role of phase transition by nucleation, condensation, and evaporation for the synthesis of silicon nanoparticles in a microwave plasma reactor—Simulation and experiment[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 453: 139695
[55]	PUGLISI R A, BONGIORNO C, CACCAMO S, et al. Chemical vapor deposition growth of silicon nanowires with diameter smaller than 5 nm[J]. ACS omega, 2019, 4(19): 17967-17971. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01488
[56]	LIU B, HUANG P, XIE Z, et al. Large-Scale Production of a Silicon Nanowire/Graphite Composites Anode via the CVD Method for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2021, 35(3): 2758-2765.
[57]	HU M, WU H, ZHANG G J. High-performance silicon/graphite anode prepared by CVD using SiCl₄ as precursor for Li-ion batteries[J]. Chemical Physics Letters, 2023, 833: 140917. doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2023.140917
[58]	XING Z, LU J, JI X. A brief review of metallothermic reduction reactions for materials preparation[J]. Small Methods, 2018, 2(12): 1800062. doi: 10.1002/smtd.201800062
[59]	YAN Z, GUO J. High-performance silicon-carbon anode material via aerosol spray drying and magnesiothermic reduction[J]. Nano Energy, 2019, 63: 103845. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.06.041
[60]	WANG M, MA Y, JIANG J, et al. Hierarchical microspheres of aggregated silicon nanoparticles with nanometre gaps as the anode for lithium-ion batteries with excellent cycling stability[J]. ChemElectroChem, 2019, 6(4): 1139-1148. doi: 10.1002/celc.201801405
[61]	REN Y, ZHOU X, ZHOU H, et al. Zn-assisted magnesiothermic reduction for the preparation of ultra-fine silicon nanocrystals for lithium ion batteries[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017, 328: 691-696. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.07.040
[62]	XIANG B, AN W L, FU J J, et al. Graphene-encapsulated blackberry-like porous silicon nanospheres prepared by modest magnesiothermic reduction for high-performance lithium-ion battery anode[J]. Rare Metals, 2021, 40: 383-392. doi: 10.1007/s12598-020-01528-9