叠层缝合结构碳纤维/Al复合材料微观特征与高温弯曲性能

兰泽宇; 余欢; 徐志锋; 王振军; 蔡长春; 冯景鹏

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20201124.001

叠层缝合结构碳纤维/Al复合材料微观特征与高温弯曲性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20201124.001

南昌航空大学　轻合金加工科学与技术国防重点学科实验室，南昌 330063

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (51765045)；航空科学基金 (2019ZF056013)；江西省自然科学基金 (20202ACBL204010)

详细信息

通讯作者:
余欢，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为先进材料及其加工技术　 E-mail：yuhwan@163.com

中图分类号: TB333
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-30
- 录用日期: 2020-11-15
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-24
- 刊出日期: 2021-09-01

Microscopic feature and high temperature bending properties of carbon fiber/Al composites with laminated stitch structure

Key Discipline Laboratory of Light Alloy Processing Science and Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China

摘要

摘要: 将M40J碳纤维(C_f)以叠层缝合结构编织成预制体，采用真空气压浸渗工艺制备成C_f/Al复合材料。在高温环境(350℃、400℃)下进行三点弯曲测试试验，通过SEM、TEM、EDS和XRD对材料的元素分布、物相组成、微观组织和界面特征进行观察分析，研究其高温弯曲性能，探讨该种材料在高温环境下弯曲失效机制。结果表明，制备的C_f/Al复合材料基体与增强体界面轮廓清晰且结合紧密，材料内部基体受残余拉应力。C_f/Al复合材料在350℃时的弯曲强度和模量分别为175.2 MPa和90.1 GPa，在400℃时为160.8 MPa和87.5 GPa；温度升高时叠层缝合结构C_f/Al复合材料的弯曲强度未出现大比例下降，其高温稳定性较其他编织结构更好。C_f/Al复合材料在高温环境下弯曲失效时受拉伸、压缩共同作用，其失效方式是基体开裂及部分纤维断裂，主导因素为基体在高温下软化和材料界面结合强度下降。
- 高温 /
- 叠层缝合 /
- 微观组织 /
- 界面 /
- 弯曲强度 /
- 失效机制
Abstract: The M40J carbon fiber (C_f) was woven into preform with laminated stitch structure, and the C_f/Al composites were prepared by the vacuum pressure infiltration method. The bending tests were carried out at high temperature (350℃, 400℃). The element distribution, phase composition, microstructure and interface characteristics were observed and analyzed by SEM, TEM, EDS and XRD. The bending properties of C_f/Al composites at high temperature were studied, and their failure mechanisms were discussed. The results show that the interface between matrix and reinforcement is clear and close. The matrix in the composites is subjected to residual tensile stress. The bending strength and modulus of C_f/Al composites at 350℃ are 175.2 MPa and 90.1 GPa, respectively, and are 160.8 MPa and 87.5 GPa at 400℃. The bending strength of C_f/Al composites with laminated stitch structure does not decrease significantly with the increasing temperature. The high temperature stability of C_f/Al composites with laminated stitch structure is better than that of other braided structures. When the material bending fails at high temperature, it is subjected to the combined effects of tension and compression. The failure modes are matrix cracking and partial fiber fracture. The main factors are matrix softening and decrease of interfacial bonding strength.
- high temperature /
- laminated stitch /
- microstructure /
- interface /
- bending strength /
- failure mechanism

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图 1 C_f预制体实物图

Figure 1. Factual picture of C_f

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图 2 封装示意图及实物图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram and factual picture of packaged preform

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图 3 真空气压浸渗设备

Figure 3. Vacuum pressure infiltration equipment

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图 4 C_f/Al复合材料弯曲试样

Figure 4. Bending specimen of C_f/Al composites

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图 5 C_f/Al复合材料EDS图像

Figure 5. EDS image of C_f/Al composites

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图 6 C_f/Al复合材料XRD图谱

Figure 6. XRD spectra of C_f/Al composites

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图 7 C_f/Al复合材料的微观组织

Figure 7. Microstructures of C_f/Al composites((a) Warp; (b) Weft)

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图 8 C_f/Al复合材料的界面形貌及能谱分析图

Figure 8. Interface morphologies and mapping analysis of C_f/Al composites((a) Interface morphology of C_f/Al composites; (b) C; (c) Al; (d) Mg)

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图 9 叠层缝合结构C_f/Al复合材料高温弯曲性能

Figure 9. High temperature bending properties of C_f/Al composites with laminated stitch

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图 10 不同编织结构C_f/Al复合材料高温弯曲强度变化

Figure 10. High temperature bending strength changes of C_f/Al composites with different braided structures

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图 11 四种不同编织结构C_f/Al复合材料实物图及示意图

Figure 11. Factual pictures and schematic diagrams of C_f/Al composites with different braided structures

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图 12 叠层缝合结构C_f/Al复合材料位移-载荷曲线

Figure 12. Displacement-load curves of C_f/Al composites with laminated stitch

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图 13 叠层缝合结构C_f/Al复合材料在350℃下的弯曲断面图

Figure 13. Bending fracture diagram of C_f/Al composites with laminated stitch at 350℃ ((a) Bending failure specimen; (b) Pressure surface; (c) Tension surface; (d) Side)

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图 14 叠层缝合结构C_f/Al复合材料在400℃下的弯曲断面图

Figure 14. Bending fracture diagram of C_f/Al composites with laminated stitch at 400℃ ((a) Bending failure specimen; (b) Pressure surface; (c) Tension surface; (d) Side)

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图 15 叠层缝合结构C_f/Al复合材料在不同温度下的弯曲断口微观图像

Figure 15. Bending fracture morphologies of C_f/Al composites with laminated stitch ((a) T=350℃; (b) T=400℃)

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表 1 ZL301合金的主要化学成分

Table 1. Chemical composition of matrix alloy ZL301 wt%

Alloy code	Mg	Si	Ti	Mn	Zn	Cu	Al
ZL301	9.5-11.0	0.3	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.1	Bal.

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表 2 M40J碳纤维(C_f)的性能参数

Table 2. Property index of M40J carbon fiber (C_f)

Type of fiber	Average diameter/μm	Tensile strength/MPa	Young’s modulus/GPa	Density/(g·cm⁻³)
M40J	5	4410	377	1.77

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表 3 叠层缝合工艺参数

Table 3. Technological parameters of laminated stitch

Parameter	Value
Size of fabric/mm	180×200×5
Density of fabric/(fiber·cm⁻¹)	Warp yarns: 6 Weft yarns：2
Yarn specification	Warp yarns: 6K×2yarns Weft yarns: 6K×1yarn
Stitch fiber	Double yarns
Needled distance/mm	3
Volume fraction/vol%	50

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表 4 各材料中Al的晶格常数

Table 4. Lattice constants of Al in each material

Material	Aluminum	As-cast aluminum alloy	Matrix alloy of composite
Lattice constant/ (10⁻¹⁰m)	4.04940	4.07850	4.08450

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