多道次搅拌摩擦加工对SiC<sub>P</sub>/2A14铝合金复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响

曹金营; 曹贺; 欧阳求保; 张荻

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200306.002

多道次搅拌摩擦加工对SiC_P/2A14铝合金复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200306.002

上海交通大学　材料科学与工程学院，上海 200240

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2018YFB0704400)

详细信息

通讯作者:
欧阳求保，博士，研究员，博士生导师，研究方向为金属基复合材料　E-mail：oyqb@sjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB331
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-12-04
- 录用日期: 2020-02-28
- 网络出版日期: 2020-03-06
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-15

Effect of multi-pass friction stir processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC_P/2A14 aluminum alloy composites

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

摘要

摘要: 采用搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)技术对SiC颗粒增强2A14铝合金(SiC_P/2A14)复合材料进行处理，通过金相表征、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、SEM、硬度测试及力学拉伸实验等分析了多道次搅拌摩擦加工对SiC_P/2A14复合材料微观组织、力学性能及超塑性变形行为的影响。研究表明：经搅拌摩擦加工后，SiC_P/2A14复合材料搅拌区内SiC颗粒分布明显均匀，晶粒细化，其中2道次搅拌摩擦加工的SiC_P/2A14复合材料的晶粒尺寸最小，为3.14 μm。随着搅拌加工道次的增加，SiC_P/2A14复合材料的硬度降低，室温抗拉强度和高温延伸率均先提高后降低，其中2道次搅拌摩擦加工的SiC_P/2A14复合材料的室温抗拉强度为319 MPa，相较于未经FSP处理的SiC_P/2A14复合材料提高了41%，在500℃、应变速率为1.0×10⁻³ s⁻¹条件下高温延伸率为609%，相较于未经FSP处理的SiC_P/2A14复合材料提高了133%。
- 搅拌摩擦加工(FSP) /
- 铝基复合材料 /
- 微观组织 /
- 力学性能 /
- 超塑性
Abstract: The SiC particle reinforced 2A14 aluminum alloy (SiC_P/2A14) composite was treated by friction stir processing (FSP) technology. The metallurgical characterization, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), SEM, hardness test and mechanical tensile test were used to analyze the influence of the multi-pass FSP on the microstructure, mechanical properties and superplastic deformation behavior of the SiC_P/2A14 composite. The results show that the distribution of SiC particles in the SiC_P/2A14 composite stirring zone is obviously uniform and the grain is refined after FSP. The grain size of the SiC_P/2A14 composite with 2-pass of FSP is the smallest, which is 3.14 μm. With the increase of processing passes, the hardness of the SiC_P/2A14 composite decreases, and the tensile strength at room temperature and the elongation at high temperature both increase first and then decrease. Among them, the SiC_P/2A14 composite with 2-pass FSP reaches the peak, and the tensile strength at room temperature is 319 MPa, which is 41% higher than the SiC_P/2A14 composite without FSP, and the elongation is 609% at 500℃ and the strain rate is 1×10⁻³ s⁻¹, which is 133% higher than the SiC_P/2A14 composite without FSP.
- friction stir processing(FSP) /
- aluminum matrix composite /
- microstructure /
- mechanical properties /
- superplasticity

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图 1 搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of friction stir processing(FSP)

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图 2 FSP前后搅拌头对比

Figure 2. Comparison of welding tool before and after FSP

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图 3 SiC颗粒增强2A14铝合金(SiC_P/2A14)复合材料拉伸试样的形状和尺寸

Figure 3. Shape and dimension of SiC particle reinforced 2A14 aluminum alloy(SiC_P/2A14) composites tensile specimen((a) Room temperature tensile specimen; (b) High temperature tensile specimen)

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图 4 1道次FSP的SiC_P/2A14复合材料不同区域的金相组织

Figure 4. Optical microstructures of different zones of SiC_P/2A14 composites by 1-pass FSP

BM—Base material; HAZ—Heat-affected zone; SZ—Stirred zone

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图 5 不同道次FSP的SiC_P/2A14复合材料SiC颗粒的尺寸分布

Figure 5. Size distribution of SiC particles of SiC_P/2A14 composites with different pass of FSP

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图 6 SiC_P/2A14复合材料母材及不同道次FSP的SiC_P/2A14复合材料的电子背散射衍射(EBSD)图像

Figure 6. Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD) images of SiC_P/2A14 composite BM and SiC_P/2A14 composites by different pass of FSP

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图 7 不同道次FSP的SiC_P/2A14复合材的显微硬度分布

Figure 7. Microhardness distribution of SiC_P/2A14 composites by different pass of FSP

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图 8 SiC_P/2A14复合材料母材及不同道次FSP的SiC_P/2A14复合材料的拉伸性能

Figure 8. Tensile properties of SiC_P/2A14 composite BM and SiC_P/2A14 composites by different pass of FSP

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图 9 SiC_P/2A14复合材料母材及2道次和4道次FSP的SiC_P/2A14复合材料拉伸断口的SEM图像

Figure 9. SEM images of tensile fracture of SiC_P/2A14 composite BM and SiC_P/2A14 composites by two-pass and four-pass FSP

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图 10 500℃和1×10^–3 s^–1应变速率条件下不同道次FSP的SiC_P/2A14复合材料的延伸率

Figure 10. Elongation of SiC_P/2A14 composites by different pass of FSP at 500℃ and strain rate of 1×10^–3 s^–1

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图 11 不同道次FSP的SiC_P/2A14复合材料超塑性断裂后形貌

Figure 11. Superplastic fracture morphologies of SiC_P/2A14 composites by different pass of FSP

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表 1 2A14铝合金的化学成分及含量

Table 1. Chemical composition of 2A14 aluminum alloy wt%

Si	Cu	Mg	Mn	Fe	Zn	Ti	Ni	Al
0.6–1.2	3.9–4.8	0.4–0.8	0.4–1.0	0–0.7	≤0.3	≤0.15	≤0.1	Balance

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表 2 SiC_P/2A14复合材料母材及不同道次FSP的SiC_P/2A14复合材料晶粒尺寸和高角度晶界(HAGB)含量

Table 2. Grain sizes and high angle grain boundary (HAGB) contents of SiC_P/2A14 composite BM and SiC_P/2A14 composites with different pass of FSP

	Grain size/μm	Content of HAGB/%
BM	9.30	62.0
1-pass FSP	4.73	86.9
2-pass FSP	3.14	88.9
3-pass FSP	5.56	86.5
4-pass FSP	6.60	87.3

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表 3 T6状态下SiC_P/2A14复合材料室温拉伸性能

Table 3. Tensile properties of SiC_P/2A14 composites in T6 state

State	Yield strength/MPa	Ultimate tensile strength/MPa	Elongation/ %
BM-T6	417	475	4.5
2-pass-T6	536	587	3.4

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表 4 未经FSP处理的SiC_P/2A14复合材料在不同高温拉伸条件下的延伸率

Table 4. Elongation of SiC_P/2A14 composites without FSP under different high temperature tensile conditions

Temperature/℃	Elongation/%
Temperature/℃	1×10⁻³ s⁻¹	1×10⁻² s⁻¹	1×10⁻¹ s⁻¹
460	189	152	94
480	203	194	118
500	261	223	116
520	220	158	43

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