Research progress on preparation methods and energy absorption properties of hollow particles/metal matrix syntactic foams
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摘要: 金属基复合泡沫是由空心微珠和金属基体复合而成的一种新型结构功能多孔复合材料。它具有许多优异的性能,如轻质、高比强度、高比刚度、高吸能能力、隔热、吸声隔音及电磁屏蔽等,高吸能能力是金属基复合泡沫的突出特点,在防撞、减振、缓冲及防爆抗振的汽车、航空航天、军事装备及船舶等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文对金属基复合泡沫的基体材料、空心微珠填充材料、影响金属基复合泡沫压缩吸能性能的因素及压缩吸能机制进行了概述,重点报道了金属基复合泡沫常用的制备工艺及近年来铝基、镁基、锌基及钢基复合泡沫吸能性能的研究进展,分析了当前研究中存在的一些问题,并对金属基复合泡沫的应用现状作了阐述,最后展望了金属基复合泡沫的研究发展趋势。Abstract: Metal matrix syntactic foam is a new type of structural and functional porous composite which is made of hollow particles and metal matrix. It has many excellent properties, such as lightweight, high specific strength, high specific stiffness, high energy absorption, thermal insulation, sound absorption, noise insulation and electromagnetic shielding. High energy absorption capability is a prominent feature of metal matrix syntactic foam, and it has a broad application prospect in the fields of anti-collision damping, shock absorption, buffer and explosion-proof and anti-vibration, such as automobile, aerospace, military equipment and ships and so on. In this paper, the matrix materials, hollow particles filling materials, the factors affecting the compressive energy absorption properties and the energy absorption mechanism of metal matrix syntactic foam were summarized. This paper focuses on the preparation process of metal matrix syntactic foam. The research progresses of the energy absorption mechanisms of aluminum based, magnesium based, zinc based and steel based syntactic foams in recent years were emphatically reported, and some problems existing in the current research and the application status of metal matrix syntactic foams were analyzed. Finally, the prospect of the research and development trend of metal matrix syntactic foam was prospected.
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图 6 不同基体和不同壁厚与半径比t的/R玻璃空心微珠/Al复合泡沫的微观结构[29]: (a)cp-Al,0.043;(b)cp-Al,0.052;(c)cp-Al,0.064;(d)5A03,0.043;(e)5A03,0.052;(f)5A03,0.064;(g)5A06,0.043;(h)5A06,0.052;(i)5A06,0.064
Figure 6. Microstructure of glass hollow particles /Al syntactic foams with different substrates and wall thickness to radius ratios t/R[29]: (a) cp-Al, 0.043; (b) cp-Al, 0.052; (c) cp-Al, 0.064; (d) 5A03, 0.043; (e) 5A03, 0.052; (f) 5A03, 0.064; (g) 5A06, 0.043; (h) 5A06, 0.052; (i) 5A06, 0.064
表 1 一些铝基复合泡沫的准静态压缩吸能性能
Table 1. Quasi-static compressive energy absorption properties of some Al matrix syntactic foams
Preparation method Matrix Al-alloy Hollow microsphere Energy absorption capacity/(MJ·m−3) Specific energy absorption/(kJ·kg−1) Ref. Year Stirring casting ZL111 Al2O3 47.31 23.08 [42] 2019 Stirring casting AA2014 Fly ash 65 32.66 [49] 2019 Pressure infiltration 5A03 Glass 51.2 42.0 [28] 2018 Pressure infiltration A356 Expanded perlite 6.6 8.68 [9] 2017 Pressure infiltration Pure Al Glass 35.7 29.8 [29] 2017 Pressure infiltration 5A03 Glass 60.8 49.4 [29] 2017 Pressure infiltration 5A06 Glass 62.8 44.9 [29] 2017 Stirring casting AA2014 Ceramics 23.5 11.15 [51] 2017 Vacuum Casting Al-12Si Glass 7 6.2 [52] 2017 Squeeze casting Pure Al Fly ash 15.42 7 [53] 2016 Pressure infiltration A356 Expanded perlite 55.19 23.78 [54] 2016 Pressure infiltration A356 Pumice 26.5 24.8 [2] 2015 Powder metallurgy Pure Al Ceramics 34.88 14.8 [47] 2015 Pressure infiltration A380 Al2O3 57.7 31 [55] 2014 Gravity infiltration A355.0 Expansive clay 18 15 [56] 2014 Pressure infiltration A206 SiC 63.2 32.75 [32] 2013 Pressure infiltration 6082 Ceramics 30.9 25 [57] 2009 Squeeze casting Pure Al Glass 20-35 14~23 [58] 2007 表 2 一些镁基复合泡沫的准静态压缩吸能性能
Table 2. Quasi-static compressive energy absorption properties of some Mg matrix syntactic foams
Preparation method Matrix Mg-alloy Hollow microsphere Energy absorption capacity/(MJ·m−3) Specific energy absorption/(kJ·kg−1) Ref. Year Stirring casting AZ91D Glass 32.14 22.96 [23] 2017 Pressure infiltration AZ91D Al2O3 124 53.68 [41] 2015 Pressure infiltration AZ91 SiC 45.9 37.62 [32] 2013 Stirring casting ZC63 Fly ash 30.1 17.92 [24] 2007 表 3 一些锌基复合泡沫的准静态压缩吸能性能
Table 3. Quasi-static compressive energy absorption properties of some Zn matrix syntactic foams
Preparation method Matrix Zn-alloy Hollow microsphere Energy absorption capacity/(MJ·m−3) Specific energy absorption/(kJ·kg−1) Ref. Year Pressure infiltration ZA8 Glass(Ni coated) 125.3 41.8 [3] 2018 Gravity infiltration ZA27 Expanded perlite 30-35 14.85-16.83 [27] 2018 Stirring casting ZA27 Expanded perlite 6 − [34] 2014 Stirring casting ZA27 SiC 4.33 − [46] 2014 Stirring casting Zn12Al Fly ash 7 6.7 [43] 2009 Stirring casting Zn-22Al SiC <2.5 <0.9 [59] 2009 Stirring casting ZnAl22 Fly ash 65.5 19.85 [44] 2008 -
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