蜂窝预制体孔径对WC/Fe复合材料中W扩散均匀性的影响

张哲轩; 周再峰; 山泉; 李祖来; 张飞

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200226.001

蜂窝预制体孔径对WC/Fe复合材料中W扩散均匀性的影响

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200226.001

昆明理工大学　材料科学与工程学院，昆明 650093

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (5187011014)

详细信息

通讯作者:
山泉，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为金属基复合材料、金属材料　E-mail：276125020@qq.com

中图分类号: TB331
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-11-19
- 录用日期: 2020-01-05
- 网络出版日期: 2020-02-26
- 刊出日期: 2020-10-15

Hole diameter of honeycomb preform governing W diffusion uniformity in WC/Fe composites

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究蜂窝预制体孔径对WC/Fe复合材料中W扩散均匀性的影响，采用真空消失模铸渗(V-EPC)工艺制备不同孔径下的复合材料。检测W质量分数分布，发现预制体孔径较小或较大时W质量分数分布不均匀；而预制体孔径适中时W质量分数分布较均匀，其原孔壁与原孔心处W质量分数与硬度相差最小，复合层耐磨性最高。基于扩散动力学进行模拟，表明W扩散均匀性同时受扩散距离与扩散时间的影响。预制体孔径较小时，扩散距离虽短，但其孔内熔体凝固较快，扩散时间较短，不利于W扩散；预制体孔径较大时，其孔内熔体凝固虽慢，扩散时间较长，但扩散距离增长，仍不利于W扩散；预制体孔径适中时，因兼顾扩散距离与扩散时间，利于W扩散。W扩散均匀性较差时，预制体原孔心处W质量分数较小，硬度也较低，一定范围内降低复合层耐磨性。
- 蜂窝预制体 /
- 预制体孔径 /
- 碳化钨(WC)/Fe复合材料 /
- W扩散均匀性 /
- 耐磨性
Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of hole diameter in honeycomb preform on the W diffusion uniformity, the WC/Fe composites with different diameters were fabricated by vacuum expendable pattern casting (V-EPC) process. Based on the W mass fraction distribution analysis, it is found that the W distributes uniformity when the hole diameter is too large or too smallthe, while wear resistance of WC/Fe composites with the proper hole diameter of preform is the best, and the differences of the W mass fraction and hardness between initial hole wall and initial hole center are reduced. The simulation results by diffusion dynamics show that the uniformity of W diffusion is both influenced by diffusion distance and diffusion time. The W diffusion is limited when the hole diameter is samll and the diffusion distance is short although the diffusion time decreases, resluted from the fast internal matrix solidification. The W diffusion is also limited when the hole diameter is large, although the internal matrix solidifies slow and the diffusion time increases, but the diffusion distance increases. So the proper hole diameter has positive influence on the W diffusion uniformity with reasonable diffusion distance and diffusion time. On the contrary, the W diffusion uniformity is undesirable, and the W mass fraction and the hardness at the initial hole center are lower, resulting in the reduction of wear resistance within a certain range.
- honeycomb preform /
- preform hole diameter /
- WC/Fe composites /
- W diffusion uniformity /
- wear resistance

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图 1 WC/Fe复合材料的制备过程

Figure 1. Preparation process of WC/Fe composites ((a)V-EPC (Vacuum-expendable pattern casting); (b)Honeycomb preform; (c)Transformation between preform and layer)

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图 3 不同预制体孔径下WC/Fe复合材料复合层原孔内的平均晶粒尺寸分布

Figure 3. Average grain size distribution into initial hole of layer in WC/Fe composites with different hole diameters of preform

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图 2 不同预制体孔径下WC/Fe复合材料复合层的显微组织

Figure 2. Microstructure of layer in WC/Fe composites with different hole diameters of preform

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图 4 不同预制体孔径下WC/Fe复合材料复合层的物相组成

Figure 4. Phase composition of layer in WC/Fe composites with different hole diameters of preform

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图 5 不同预制体孔径下WC/Fe复合材料复合层的元素分布

Figure 5. Element distribution of layer in WC/Fe composites with different hole diameters of preform

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图 6 不同预制体孔径下WC/Fe复合材料复合层原孔内的W质量分数分布

Figure 6. W mass fraction distribution into initial hole of layer in WC/Fe composites with different hole diameters of preform

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图 7 不同预制体孔径下WC/Fe复合材料复合层原孔内的硬度分布

Figure 7. Hardness distribution into initial hole of layer in WC/Fe composites with different hole diameters of preform

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图 8 不同预制体孔径下WC/Fe复合材料复合层原孔心处的磨损形貌

Figure 8. Wear morphologies at initial hole center of layer in WC/Fe composites with different hole diameters of preform

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图 9 不同预制体孔径下WC/Fe复合材料复合层的磨损量

Figure 9. Wear amount of layer in WC/Fe composites with different hole diameters of preform

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图 10 不同预制体孔径下孔内熔体凝固时热物理场的有限元模拟

Figure 10. Finite element simulation of thermal physical field when internal matrix solidifies with different hole diameters of preform

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图 11 不同预制体孔径下WC/Fe复合材料复合层原孔内W质量分数分布的数值模拟

Figure 11. Numerical simulation of W mass fraction distribution in initial hole in WC/Fe composites with different hole diameters of preform

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表 1 WC/Fe复合材料中预制体的成分

Table 1. Composition of preform in WC/Fe composites

Composition	Mass fraction/wt%	Size/μm
WC	40	150-200
Ni₆₀	30	60-90
FeCr₅₅C_6.0	30	150-200

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表 2 WC/Fe复合材料中预制体的结构参数

Table 2. Structure parameters of preform in WC/Fe composites

Diameter R/mm	Distance d/mm	Number n
3	6	63
6	12	16
9	18	7

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表 3 WC/Fe复合材料中基体的成分

Table 3. Composition of matrix in WC/Fe composites

Composition	C	Cr	Mn	Si	Fe
Mass fraction/wt%	1.2-1.3	18.0-20.0	0.4-0.6	1.0-1.2	Balance

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表 4 预制体孔内熔体凝固时热物理场模拟的参数设置

Table 4. Parameters setting of thermal physical field simulation when internal matrix of preform solidifies

Phase	Density/(kg·m⁻³)	Thermal conductivity/(W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)	Heat capacity/(J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)
Fe(s)	8 500	200	400
Fe(l)	7 800	450	550
Inlet temperature/°C	Melting temperature/°C	Temperature transition half width/K	Surface emissivity
1 500	1 100	50	0.8
Specific heat/(J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)		Solidification latent heat/(kJ·kg⁻¹)	Heat transfer coefficient/(W·m⁻²·K⁻¹)
60		200	800

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