不同粒径TiB<sub>2</sub>/Cu复合材料热传导模拟与实验

张祥峰; 国秀花; 宋克兴; 冯江; 林焕然; 王旭

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200224.003

不同粒径TiB₂/Cu复合材料热传导模拟与实验

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200224.003

河南科技大学　材料科学与工程学院，洛阳 471023

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51605146; U1502274); 河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划项目(2018GGJS045); 中国博士后基金(2018 M632769); 河南省“创新型科技团队”计划(182101510003)

详细信息

通讯作者:
国秀花，高级工程师，研究方向为载流摩擦高性能铜基复合材料设计及其磨损机制　E-mail: guoxiuhua@haust.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB331
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-11-06
- 录用日期: 2020-01-09
- 网络出版日期: 2020-02-25
- 刊出日期: 2020-10-15

Thermal conduction simulation and verification of TiB₂/Cu composites with different particle sizes

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China

摘要

摘要: 采用ANSYS对不同粒径TiB₂/Cu复合材料热传导过程进行模拟。采用粉末冶金法制备了不同粒径TiB₂增强的Cu复合材料，采用LINSEIS LFA1600激光导热仪测试了室温至280℃下的TiB₂/Cu复合材料热传导性能变化，并与模拟结果进行对比。结果表明：热导率模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。在50~200℃之间，复合材料热导率变化不大，在6%~9%范围内波动。200℃之后，模拟值与实验值均呈现出随温度升高而增大的趋势，且吻合度较高。这是由于温度低于200℃时，在模拟过程中未考虑材料界面处两相不同热膨胀系数的影响，导致模拟值与实验值有较大的差异。当温度高于200℃时，模拟值和实验值吻合程度趋于稳定。在200℃时，由于两相热膨胀系数的影响，复合材料内部界面处等效应力大于Cu基体屈服强度，使其发生塑性变形，从而引起热导率发生较大幅度变化。此外，热导率随着TiB₂粒径的增大呈现出先提高后降低的趋势，在10 μm时达到最大。这是由于当颗粒直径小于临界平均直径时，颗粒直径的增大会减少界面数量，从而降低界面热阻。当颗粒直径大于临界平均直径时，平均自由程l的急剧增加导致热导率降低。
- TiB₂/Cu复合材料 /
- ANSYS有限元分析 /
- 不同粒径 /
- 热导率 /
- 热膨胀系数
Abstract: ANSYS was used to simulate the thermal conduction process of TiB₂/Cu composites with different TiB₂ particle sizes. The TiB₂/Cu composites with different TiB₂ particle sizes were prepared by powder metallurgy. LINSEIS LFA1600 laser thermal conductivity instrument was used to determine the thermal conductivity of the TiB₂/Cu composites ranging from room temperature to 280℃, and the measured values were compared with the simulation results. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measured values. In the range of 50-200℃, the thermal conductivities of the TiB₂/Cu composites fluctuate in the range of 6%-9%. When the temperature is above 200℃, both the simulated results and the measured values increase with the increase of temperature, and they match well with each other. This is because the large difference of their thermal expansion coefficients in the interface between TiB₂ and Cu below 200℃ is not considered in the simulation process. When the temperature is above 200℃, the simulation results have good accordance with the measured values. At 200℃, due to the influence of two-phase thermal expansion coefficients, the equivalent stress at the internal interface of the composite is larger than the yield strength of the Cu matrix, thus causing plastic deformation, which leads to a significant change in the thermal conductivity. In addition, the thermal conductivity increases and then decreases with the increase of particle size, and reaches its maximum value at 10 μm. This is because when the particle diameter is less than the critical average diameter, the increased particle diameter reduces the number of interfaces, thus reducing the interfacial thermal resistance. When the particle diameter is larger than the critical mean diameter, the mean free path l greatly increases and the thermal conductivity reduces.
- TiB₂/Cu composite /
- ANSYS finite element analysis /
- different particle sizes /
- thermal conductivity /
- thermal expansivity

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图 1 激光闪射法过程示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of laser flashing process

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图 2 TiB₂/Cu复合材料整体模型及有限元模型

Figure 2. Integral model and finite element model of TiB₂/Cu composites

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图 3 纯Cu和不同TiB₂粒径的TiB₂/Cu复合材料的显微组织

Figure 3. Microstructure of pure Cu and TiB₂/Cu composites with different TiB₂ particle sizes

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图 4 不同温度下2 μm TiB₂/Cu复合材料热导率模拟结果及温度梯度分布图

Figure 4. Simulation results of thermal conductivity and temperature gradient profiles of 2 μm TiB₂/Cu composites with different temperatures

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图 5 不同温度下不同TiB₂粒径的TiB₂/Cu复合材料热导率模拟值与实验值

Figure 5. Simulated and experimental values of thermal conductivities of TiB₂/Cu composites with different TiB₂ particle sizes at different temperatures

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图 6 280℃时不同粒径的TiB₂/Cu复合材料热导率模拟结果及温度梯度分布图

Figure 6. Simulation results of thermal conductivity and temperature gradient profiles of TiB₂/Cu composites with different TiB₂ particle sizes at 280℃

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图 7 不同粒径的TiB₂/Cu复合材料在280℃下热导率的实验值、模拟值及预测值

Figure 7. Experimental, simulated and predicted values of thermal conductivities of TiB₂/Cu composites with different TiB₂ particle sizes at 280℃

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表 1 TiB₂/Cu复合材料内部界面应力P与界面处等效应力σ_e的计算值

Table 1. Calculated stress P and equivalent stress σ_e at the interface in TiB₂/Cu composites

Tempurature/℃	50	100	150	200	250	280
Interfacial stress/MPa	20.7	62.1	103.5	144.9	186.3	211.1
σ_e/MPa	9.3	27.9	46.5	65.2	83.8	94.9

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