Flexible stretchable and highly sensitive silicone rubber@multiwalled carbon nanotubes/silicone rubber wearable strain sensing fibers
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摘要: 基于核-壳结构设计，采用简便、低成本的浸涂-固化法制得柔性、可拉伸、高灵敏且稳定的聚二甲基硅氧烷硅橡胶@多壁碳纳米管/聚二甲基硅氧烷硅橡胶(PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS)压阻式应变传感纤维。通过FTIR、XRD、TG、TEM对硅烷偶联剂改性多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs-KH570)的化学结构、热稳定性和微观形貌进行了分析，深入研究了核-壳结构与MWCNTs-KH570质量分数对PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS复合纤维导电性能、传感性能及力学性能的影响规律与机制。结果表明：羟基化MWCNTs(MWCNTs—OH)表面接枝KH570使其在壳层PDMS基体中具有良好的分散性和界面相互作用；核-壳结构的设计使PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS复合纤维在低填充下具有高电导率和传感性能；PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS复合纤维的导电性能与传感性能随着MWCNTs-KH570质量分数增加而提高，且在人体关节运动监测中表现出良好的可重复性和工作稳定性。Abstract: Based on the core-shell structure design, flexible, stretchable, highly sensitive and stable polydimethylsiloxane silicone rubber@multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane silicone rubber (PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS) piezoresistive strain sensing fibers were fabricated via the simple and low-cost dip coating-curing method. The chemical structure, thermal stability and microstructures of silane coupling agent modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-KH570) were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TG and TEM. The effects of core-shell structure and MWCNTs-KH570 mass fraction on the electrical conductivity, the sensing properties and mechanical properties of the PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS composite fibers, as well as the mechanics were investigated detailedly. The results show that KH570 is successfully grafted onto the surface of hydroxylation MWCNTs(MWCNTs—OH), leading to the good dispersibility and interface interaction in the shell layer PDMS matrix; The design of core-shell structure enables the PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS composite fibers to have high electrical conductivity and sensing properties at the low filling; With increasing the MWCNTs-KH570 mass fraction, the PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS composite fibers exhibit elevated electrical conductivity and sensing performances, and show superior repeatability and working stability in human joint motion monitoring.
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图 1 核-壳结构聚二甲基硅氧烷硅橡胶@多壁碳纳米管/聚二甲基硅氧烷硅橡胶(PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS)复合纤维的制备示意图
Figure 1. Schematic illustration for fabrication of polydimethylsiloxane silicone rubber@multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane silicone rubber(PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS) composite fibers with a core-shell structure
图 2 羟基化MWCNTs(MWCNTs—OH)和硅烷偶联剂改性MWCNTs(MWCNTs-KH570)的FTIR图谱（a）、TG曲线(b)和XRD图谱(c)
Figure 2. FTIR patterns(a), TG curves(b), XRD pattern(c) of hydroxylation MWCNTs(MWCNTs—OH) and silane coupling agent modified MWCNTs(MWCNTs-KH570)
图 3 MWCNTs-KH570的微观形貌及MWCNTs—OH与MWCNTs-KH570的分散性
Figure 3. Micromorphology of MWCNTs-KH570 and dispersibility of MWCNTs—OH and MWCNTs-KH570
图 4 复合纤维的光学显微镜图像与横断面SEM图像
Figure 4. Optical photographs and transverse section SEM images of the composite fibers ((a), (a') MWCNTs—OH/PDMS composite fibers; (b), (b') MWCNTs-KH570/PDMS composite fibers; (c), (c'), (c''), (c''') MWCNTs-KH570/PDMS composite fibers with a core-shell structure
图 5 MWCNTs-KH570质量分数对PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS复合纤维拉伸强度和断裂伸长率的影响
Figure 5. Effect of MWCNTs-KH570 mass fraction on the tensile strength and elongation at break of PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS composite fibers
图 6 PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS复合纤维的导电性能
Figure 6. Electrical conductivities of PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS composite fibers
图 7 PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS复合纤维的压阻特性和传感性能
Figure 7. Piezoresistive behaviors and sensing properties of PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS composite fibers
图 8 PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS复合纤维的应变传感机制
Figure 8. Strain sensing mechanism for PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS composite fibers
图 9 PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS复合纤维在LED灯照明和人体运动监测中的应用
Figure 9. Applications of PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS composite fibers in LED lighting and human motion detection
表 1 聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)的配方
Table 1. Formula of poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)
Component A B Designation Poly (dimethyl-methyl vinyl siloxane) Poly (dimethyl-methylhydro siloxane), Pt catalyst Mass ratio mA∶mB=10∶1 
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