Modeling of void defects in C/C-SiC satin weave composites and simulation of their tensile properties
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摘要: 主要研究了随机孔隙缺陷在C/C-SiC缎纹编织复合材料中的有限元建模方法及其对拉伸性能的影响。基于C/C-SiC缎纹编织复合材料的细观结构和实验观察所得的微观形貌，得出孔隙缺陷具有随机分布特征，提出了一种三维随机碰撞算法模拟孔隙在复合材料中的分布，建立了含随机孔隙缺陷的C/C-SiC缎纹编织复合材料的有限元模型。采用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟了其在拉伸载荷下的力学行为，讨论了孔隙缺陷的尺寸和分布形式对材料拉伸性能的影响，并对试样进行了单轴拉伸实验测试，验证了数值模拟的有效性。结果表明，用本文方法建立的有限元模型符合含孔隙缺陷C/C-SiC缎纹编织复合材料的真实细观结构，相应的数值模拟结果也与试验数据吻合较好。本文的研究结果为含孔隙缺陷的缎纹编织复合材料及具有相似结构特征的复合材料的力学分析与优化设计提供了一种有效的方法。Abstract: The finite element modeling method of random void defects in C/C-SiC satin weave composites and their influence on tensile mechanical properties were studied. Based on the microstructure of C/C-SiC satin weave composites and the micro morphology observed by experiments, the random distribution characteristic of the void defects was concluded. A three-dimensional random collision algorithm was proposed to reconstruct the void distribution in the composite, and a finite element model of the C/C-SiC satin weave composite with random void defects was established. The finite element analysis software ABAQUS was used to simulate the mechanical behavior of the material under tensile load, and the influence of the size and distribution form of the void defects on the tensile mechanical properties was discussed. The uniaxial tensile test of the sample was carried out to verify the effectiveness of the numerical simulation. The results show that the finite element model established by this method is consistent with the real microstructure of C/C-SiC satin weave composites with void defects, and the corresponding numerical simulation results are also in good agreement with the test data. This paper provides an effective method for the mechanical analysis and optimal design of satin weave composites with void defects and other composites with similar structural characteristics.
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Key words:
- weave composites /
- progressive damage model /
- defect size /
- void fraction /
- random collision algorithm /
- tensile properties /
- C/C-SiC
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图 3 C/C-SiC编织材料孔隙缺陷的微观形貌
Figure 3. Microscopic morphologyies of the void defects in C/C-SiC weave composites
图 4 C/C-SiC编织复合材料单轴拉伸试样
Figure 4. Specimen of the C/C-SiC weave composite under uniaxial tension
图 5 C/C-SiC编织复合材料单胞的几何模型
Figure 5. Geometric model of C/C-SiC weave composite unit-cell
图 6 C/C-SiC编织复合材料有限元模型中的孔隙缺陷表征
Figure 6. Characterization of void defects in finite element model of C/C-SiC weave composite
图 7 含随机孔隙缺陷的C/C-SiC编织复合材料单胞模型(不含基体)
Figure 7. Cell models of C/C-SiC weave composites with random void defects (Without matrix)
图 8 具有不同敛集率(Vf)的C/C-SiC纱线单胞模型剖面
Figure 8. Profiles of C/C-SiC yarn cell models with different pack factors (Vf)
图 9 具有不同孔隙率(Vp)的C/C-SiC编织复合材料基体几何模型
Figure 9. Geometric models of C/C-SiC weave composite matrix with different porosities (Vp)
图 11 孔隙缺陷体积分数对C/C-SiC编织复合材料应力-应变曲线的影响
Figure 11. Effect of the void fraction on tensile stress-strain curves of C/C-SiC weave composites
图 12 孔隙尺寸对C/C-SiC编织复合材料应力-应变曲线的影响
Figure 12. Effect of void sizes on tensile stress-strain curves of C/C-SiC weave composites
图 13 含孔隙缺陷C/C-SiC编织复合材料数值结果与试验曲线的对比
Figure 13. Comparison of numerical results and experimental curves of C/C-SiC satin weave composites with random void defects
表 1 C/C-SiC编织复合材料的组分材料性能
Table 1. Mechanical properties for the C/C-SiC weave composites
Material ${E_1}/{\rm{GPa}}$ ${E_2}/{\rm{GPa}}$ ${G_{12}}/{\rm{GPa}}$ ${G_{23}}/{\rm{GPa}}$ ${F_1}/{\rm{MPa}}$ ${F_2}/{\rm{MPa}}$ $S/{\rm{MPa}}$ ${\nu _{12}}$ ${F_{1{\rm{t}}}}$ ${F_{1{\rm{c}}}}$ ${F_{{\rm{2t}}}}$ ${F_{{\rm{2c}}}}$ C[1] Fiber 230 40 24 14.3 890 — 756 — 50 0.26 C-SiC Matrix 81.0 81.0 35.2 35.2 40.0 45.0 40.0 45.0 30.0 0.15 C/C-SiC Yarn(Vf=80%) 200.2 45.9 26.0 16.8 716.4 609.3 37.2 41.3 26.3 0.23 Notes: Constitutive models of fiber and yarn are both assumed to be transversely isotropic, and the constitutive model of matrix is assumed to be isotropic; ${E_1}$,${F_{1{\rm{t}}}}$,${F_{1{\rm{c}}}}$,${G_{12}}$ and ${\nu _{12}}$—Young’s modulus, tensile strength, compressive strength, shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio in the longitudinal direction, respectively; ${E_2}$,${F_{{\rm{2t}}}}$,${F_{{\rm{2c}}}}$,${G_{23}}$ and $S$—Young’s modulus, tensile strength, compressive strength, shear modulus and shear strength in the transverse direction, respectively. 
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