Design and ballistic performance testing of bio-inspired flexible protection devices
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摘要: 依据仿生学原理,借鉴硬骨鱼鳞的微观结构及叠加模式,设计并制备了6套仿生柔性防护装具。使用了两种复合鳞片,分别为SiC陶瓷-超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)复合防护鳞片和Al2O3陶瓷-UHMWPE复合防护鳞片。对柔性防护装具进行侵彻测试,分析了复合鳞片类型、覆盖角度和子弹侵彻位置对柔性鳞片防护装具防弹性能的影响。结果表明,新型柔性鳞片状防护装具均能成功抵挡速度为(445±10) m/s的手枪弹(铅芯)侵彻,垫层材料的凹陷深度为5~20 mm。SiC-UHMWPE复合鳞片防护装具的防弹性能显著优于Al2O3-UHMWPE复合鳞片防护装具。此外,柔性防护装具的防弹性能均随着鳞片覆盖率的增加而提高。本研究成果为新型柔性防护装具的设计提供理论依据和科学指导。Abstract: Based on the bionic principle, six sets of bio-inspired flexible protection device were designed and prepared. Two types of composite scales were used. One was made from SiC ceramic and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), the other was made from Al2O3 ceramic and UHMWPE. The bio-inspired flexible protection devices were tested. The effects of the types of composite scales, overlapping angle and the bullet impact position on the ballistic performance of the bio-inspired flexible protection device were discussed and analyzed. Results show that the bio-inspired flexible protection device can successfully resist the penetration of bullets (lead core) with a speed of (445±10) m/s, and the signature in the backing material is 5-20 mm. The ballistic performance of the device with SiC-UHMWPE composite scales is significantly better than that of device with Al2O3-UHMWPE composite scales. The ballistic performance of the bio-inspired protection device increases with the increasing of overlapping angle. The results of this work can provide theoretical basis and scientific guidance for the research of new type of flexible protection device.
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表 1 SiC和Al2O3陶瓷的材料性能
Table 1. Properties of SiC and Al2O3 ceramics
Density/(g·cm−3) Vickers hardness/HV Bending strength/MPa Fracture toughness/(MPa·m1/2) Elastic modulus/GPa Purity/% SiC 3.1 2 600 400 4 410 ≥98 Al2O3 3.88 1 440 240 3.6 366 ≥99 表 2 超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维和Kevlar纤维的材料性能
Table 2. Properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE) fiber and Kevlar fiber
Density/(g·cm−3) Tensile strength/GPa Tensile modlus/GPa Elongationat break/% Sonic speed in monofilament/(103m·s−1) UHMWPE 0.97 2.7 87 3.5 9.5 Kevlar-49 1.44 3.38 83 3.3 8.2 表 3 柔性鳞片状防护装具的陶瓷材料和覆盖角
Table 3. Ceramic materials and overlapping angles of flexible protective devices
Serial number Types of material Overlapping angle/(°) A-70 Al2O3 70 A-80 Al2O3 80 A-90 Al2O3 90 S-70 SiC 70 S-80 SiC 80 S-90 SiC 90 表 4 测试后柔性防护装具的破坏区域直径
Table 4. Diameter of the damage area of the flexible protection devices after testing
A-70 A-80 A-90 S-70 S-80 S-90 D1/mm 58.0(3.6) 62.8(1.2) 81.0(1.3) 57.6(1.5) 63.8(1.6) 80.0(1.5) D2/mm 68.0(3.2) 72.4(1.3) 91.8(0.7) 78.8(1.0) 82.6(1.1) 95.0(1.6) Notes: D1, D2—Diameters of the damage regions after the bullet hitting the zone I and zone II in the flexible protective devices; Values in parentheses represent the standard deviations. -
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