Effect of service low-temperature aging on mechanical properties of aluminum alloy-basalt fiber reinforced polymer composite bonding joints and failure prediction
-
摘要: 为了给铝合金-玄武岩纤维增强树脂(BFRP)复合材料粘接结构在汽车工业中的应用提供参考和指导，加工了铝合金-BFRP复合材料粘接接头。结合汽车服役中的温度区间，选取−10℃和−40℃的低温老化环境，对接头进行0、10、20、30天的老化。对老化后的粘接接头进行准静态拉伸试验和剪切试验，得到不同老化时间下铝合金-BFRP粘接接头的准静态失效强度。结合DSC和FTIR分析低温老化对BFRP复合材料的影响，并对粘接接头的失效断面进行宏观分析和SEM分析。结果表明：在低温老化环境中，胶粘剂与BFRP复合材料的化学性质受低温老化作用影响不大，BFRP中的官能团与玻璃化转变温度(Tg)没有发生明显的变化，接头的失效强度和失效模式主要受胶粘剂与粘接基材的热应力影响。对于拉伸接头，随着低温老化时间的增加，BFRP复合材料纤维与树脂基体间的结合力降低，铝合金-BFRP复合材料接头的失效断面中纤维撕裂的比例逐渐减少，拉伸接头失效强度逐渐下降。老化后剪切接头仍为内聚失效，BFRP复合材料的低温老化对铝合金-BFRP复合材料剪切接头的失效强度几乎没有影响，剪切接头失效强度的下降主要是胶粘剂与粘接基材热膨胀系数不一致引起的热应力的影响。采用二次应力准则公式对−10℃和−40℃低温环境下，拉应力、剪应力值随老化时间的变化规律进行了拟合，在此失效准则的基础上，根据响应面原理，建立接头失效强度随老化时间变化的三维曲面，为粘接技术在车身结构中的工程应用提供参考。
-
关键词:
- 玄武岩纤维增强树脂复合材料 /
- 粘接 /
- 低温 /
- 老化 /
- 失效预测
Abstract: In order to provide reference and guidance for the application of aluminum alloy-basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) composite bonding structure in automobile industry, the aluminum alloy-BFRP bonding joints were manufactured. Considering the temperature range in the service of automobiles, the low-temperature aging environment of −10℃ and −40℃ was selected to accelerate the aging of joints for 0, 10, 20 and 30 days. The quasi-static tensile test and shear test were carried out on the bond joints after aging, and the quasi-static failure strength of aluminum alloy-BFRP composite bonding joints with different aging time was obtained. DSC and FTIR were combined to analyze the influence of low temperature aging on the chemical properties of adhesive joints, and the failure section of adhesive joints was analyzed by macroscopic analysis and SEM. The results show that the chemical properties of aluminum alloy-BFRP composite bonding joints are not significantly affected by the low-temperature aging, and the functional groups and glass conversion temperature (Tg) of BFRP composite do not change significantly in the low-temperature aging environment. The failure strength and failure mode of the joints are mainly affected by the thermal stress of adhesive and bonding substrate. As for tensile joints, with the increase of low-temperature aging time, the mechanical properties between BFRP composite fiber and resin matrix decrease, the proportion of fiber tearing in the failure section of aluminum alloy-BFRP composite joint decreases gradually, and the failure strength of tensile joints decreases gradually. After aging, the shear joint is still a cohesive failure, and the low-temperature aging of BFRP composite has little effect on the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy-BFRP composite joint. The decrease of failure strength of shear joint is mainly caused by the thermal stress which is the result of the inconsistency of thermal expansion coefficient between adhesive and bonding substrate. The second stress criterion formula was used to fit the variation rules of tensile stress and shear stress with aging time. On the basis of this failure criterion, according to the response surface principle, the three-dimensional surface of failure criterion with aging time was established to provide reference for the engineering application of bonding technology in body structure.-
Key words:
- basalt fiber reinforced polymer composite /
- adhesive /
- low temperature /
- aging /
- failure prediction
-
图 1 铝合金-玄武岩纤维增强树脂（BFRP）复合材料粘接接头几何尺寸
Figure 1. Geometry dimensions of the aluminum alloy-basalt fiber reinforced polymer(BFRP) composite adhesive joints
图 4 JSM-IT500A扫描电子显微镜
Figure 4. JSM-IT500A InTouchScopeTM scanning electron microscope
图 7 铝合金-BFRP复合材料粘接接头失效强度随老化时间变化（–10 ℃）
Figure 7. Failure strength of aluminum alloy-BFRP composite adhesive joint changing with aging time（–10 ℃）
图 8 铝合金-BFRP复合材料粘接接头失效强度随老化时间变化（–40 ℃）
Figure 8. Failure strength of aluminum alloy-BFRP composite adhesive joint changing with aging time（–40 ℃）
图 9 铝合金-BFRP复合材料粘接接头拉应力破坏的典型失效断面(–10℃)
Figure 9. Representative fracture surfaces of aluminum alloy-BFRP composite adhesive joint under tensile stress (–10℃)
图 10 铝合金-BFRP复合材料粘接接头剪应力破坏的典型失效断面 (–10℃)
Figure 10. Representative fracture surfaces of aluminum alloy-BFRP composite adhesive joint under shear stress (–10℃)
图 11 铝合金-BFRP复合材料粘接接头拉应力破坏的典型失效断面 (–40℃)
Figure 11. Representative fracture surfaces of aluminum alloy-BFRP composite adhesive joint under tensile stress (–40℃)
图 12 铝合金-BFRP复合材料粘接接头剪应力破坏的典型失效断面 (–40℃)
Figure 12. Representative fracture surfaces of aluminum alloy-BFRP composite adhesive joint under shear stress (–40℃)
图 13 未老化及极限工况下（−40℃老化30 天）铝合金-BFRP复合材料粘接接头的失效断面
Figure 13. Failure section of aluminum alloy-BFRP composite bonding joint without aging and aging at −40℃ for 30 days
图 14 不同老化时间铝合金-BFRP复合材料粘接结构的准静态失效强度
Figure 14. Quasi-static failure strengths of aluminum alloy-BFRP composite bonding structures under different aging cycles
图 15 失效准则随老化时间变化的三维响应曲面
Figure 15. Three-dimensional response surface of the failure criterion as a function of aging cycles
表 1 玄武岩纤维单向布材料属性参数
Table 1. Property parameters of basalt fiber unidirectional fabric
Surface density/
(g·m−2)Tensile strength/
MPaElasticity modulus/
GPaNominal thickness/
mmSingle fiber diameter/
μm300 2 100 105 0.115 13 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 复合成型树脂5113-81A/5113-94B材料属性参数
Table 2. Property parameters of composite molding resin 5113-81A/ 5113-94B
Cure condition Compressive strength/MPa Tensile Strength/MPa Flexural strength/MPa Tg/℃ 25℃×24 h+
80℃×2 h126-130 60-70 80-94 90-100 Note: Tg—Glass transfer temperature.
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 铝合金材料属性参数
Table 3. Properties of aluminum alloy
Material Young’s modulus/GPa Poisson’s
ratioDensity/
(kg·m−3)Aluminum (6061) 71 0.33 2 730
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 Araldite® 2015材料属性参数
Table 4. Material properties of Araldite® 2015
Young’s modulus/MPa Shear modulus/MPa Poisson’s ratio 1 850 560 0.33
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 那景新, 慕文龙, 谭伟, 等. 一种车辆服役温度区间内的粘接接头疲劳性能测试装置及测试方法: 中国, 201810425629.9[P]. 2018-11-02. NA Jingxin, MU Wenlong, TAN Wei, et al. The invention relates to a calculation method for stiffness performance and strength of structural weight reduction orifice plate: China, 201810425629.9[P]. 2018-11-02 (in Chinese). [2] 秦国锋, 那景新, 慕文龙, 等. CFRP/铝合金粘接接头在低温环境中的老化机理研究[J]. 中国胶粘剂, 2019, 28(8):27-33.QIN Guofeng, NA Jingxin, MU Wenlong, et al. Study on aging mechanism of CFRP/aluminum alloy bonded joints in low temperature environment[J]. China Adhesives,2019,28(8):27-33(in Chinese). [3] LUAN J Z , NA J X , TAN W , et al. Comparative study on mechanical properties of aluminum alloy and BFRP single lap joints with hygrothermal aging[J]. The Journal of Adhesion, 2020(6):1-18. [4] 那景新, 高原, 慕文龙, 等.高温老化对BFRP-铝合金单搭接接头失效的影响[J]. 复合材料学报, 2020, 37(1): 140-146.NA Jingxin, GAO Yuan, MU Wenlong, et al. Effect of high temperature exposure on adhesively bonded BFRP-aluminum alloy single lap joints[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2020, 37(1): 140-146(in Chinese). [5] 韩啸. 胶接接头湿热环境耐久性试验与建模研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2014.HAN Xiao. Experimental and modelling study on the durability performance of adhesively bonded joint in hygro-thermal environment[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2014(in Chinese). [6] ZHAO H, MA X, CAI Z, et al. Effect of low temperature exposure on impact characteristics of epoxy bonded high strength steels[J]. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,2011,16(5):405-411. doi: 10.1179/1362171810Y.0000000011 [7] ZHANG F, YANG X, WANG H P, et al. Durability of adhesively-bonded single lap–shear joints in accelerated hygrothermal exposure for automotive applications[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives,2013,44(Complete):130-137. [8] 黄强, 赵鑫刚, 刘波, 等. 改性环氧树脂胶粘剂耐热老化性能的研究[J]. 黑龙江大学自然科学学报, 2011, 28(2):229-232. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7011.2011.02.020HUANG Qiang, ZHAO Xingang, LIU Bo. Study on the properties of modification epoxy adhesive in heat-resistant aging[J]. Journal of Natural Science of Heilongjiang University,2011,28(2):229-232(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7011.2011.02.020 [9] HU P, HAN X, LI W D, et al. Research on the static strength performance of adhesive single lap joints subjected to extreme temperature environment for automotive industry[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives,2013,41:119-126. doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2012.10.010 [10] 秦国锋. 温湿老化对车用CFRP/铝合金粘接接头静态失效的影响[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2018.QIN Guofeng, Effects of temperature and humidity on the static failure of adhesively bonded CFRP/aluminium alloy joints for automotive applications[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2018(in Chinese). [11] 秦国锋, 那景新, 慕文龙, 等. 高温老化对CFRP/铝合金粘接头失效的影响[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2019(4): 1-9.QIN Guofeng, NA Jingxin, MU Wenlong, et al. Degradation failure of adhesively bonded CFRP/aluminum alloy subjected to high temperature environment[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition), 2019(4): 1-9(in Chinese). [12] 王晓宁. 紫外、高低温老化对玻纤增强复合材料性能的影响[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆大学, 2017.WANG Xiaoning. Effects of UV, high and low temperature aging on glass fiber composite materials[D]. Urumqi: Xinjiang University, 2017(in Chinese). [13] 张春雷, 朱波, 乔琨, 等. 高低温老化对碳纤维复合材料芯棒力学性能的影响[J]. 高科技纤维与应用, 2012, 37(5):20-22,36.ZHANG Chunlei, ZHU Bo, QIAO Kun, et al. Effect of high-low temperature thermal aging on structure of carbon fiber reinforced composite core[J]. Hi-Tech Fiber and Application,2012,37(5):20-22,36(in Chinese). [14] OCAÑA R, ARENAS J M, ALÍA C, et al. Evaluation of degradation of structural adhesive joints in functional automotive applications[J]. Procedia Engineering,2015,132:716-723. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.12.552 [15] PLAZEK D J, FRUND Z N. Epoxy resins (DGEBA): The curing and physical aging process[J]. Journal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry,2010,28(4):431-448. [16] BUDHE S, BANEA M D, BARROS S D, et al. An updated review of adhesively bonded joints in composite materials[J]. International Journal of Adhesion <italic>&</italic> Adhesives,2017,72:30-42. [17] 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 胶粘剂拉伸剪切强度的测定(刚性材料对刚性材料): GB/T 7124—2008[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008.Standardization Administration of the People’s Republicof China. Adhesive-Determination of tensile lap-shear strength of rigid-to-rigid bonded assemblies: GB/T 7124—2008[S]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2008(in Chinese). [18] LEE M, YEO E, BLACKLOCK M, et al. Predicting the strength of adhesively bonded joints of variable thickness using a cohesive element approach[J]. International Journal of Adhesion <italic>&</italic> Adhesives,2015,58:44-52. [19] 谭伟, 那景新, 任俊铭, 等. 高温环境下碳纤维增强树脂复合材料的层间力学性能老化行为与失效预测[J]. 复合材料学报, 2020, 37(4): 859-868.TAN Wei, NA Jingxin, REN Junming, et al. Aging behavior and failure prediction of interlaminar mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer at high temperature[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2020, 37(4): 859-868(in Chinese). [20] SILVA L F M D, ADAMS R D. Joint strength predictions for adhesive joints to be used over a wide temperature range[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives,2007,27(5):362-379. doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2006.09.007 [21] 慕文龙, 那景新, 秦国锋, 等. 交变载荷对CFRP复合材料-铝合金粘接接头剩余强度的影响[J]. 复合材料学报, 2019, 36(5):1124-1131.MU Wenlong, NA Jingxin, QIN Guofeng, et.al. Effect of alternating load on residual strength of adhesively bonded CFRP composite-aluminum alloy joints[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2019,36(5):1124-1131(in Chinese). -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 791
- HTML全文浏览量: 236
- PDF下载量: 31
- 被引次数: 0
