玄武岩-碳纤维/矿渣混凝土力学性能正交试验

黄鑫; 姜景山; 孙天洋; 蒋威

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20190930.001

玄武岩-碳纤维/矿渣混凝土力学性能正交试验

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20190930.001

南京工程学院　建筑工程学院，南京 211167

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(51778282；51678292)；江苏省实践创新训练计划省级重点项目(201911276016Z)；江苏省实践创新训练计划省级校企合作项目(201911276094H)；南京工程学院2019挑战杯培育项目(TP20190007)

详细信息

通讯作者:
姜景山，博士，副教授，研究方向为土木工程材料力学性质　E-mail：j.s.jiang@163.com

中图分类号: TB332；TU528.572
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-08-11
- 录用日期: 2019-09-22
- 网络出版日期: 2019-09-30
- 刊出日期: 2020-07-15

Orthogonal experiment on mechanical properties of basalt fiber-carbon fiber/slag concrete

School of Architectural Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China

摘要

摘要: 应用正交试验法开展了16组玄武岩-碳纤维(BF-CF)/矿渣混凝土和1组C40级基准混凝土的塌落度、立方体抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度试验，研究了BF、CF和矿渣三种因素对BF-CF/矿渣混凝土力学性能的影响。结果表明：BF-CF/矿渣混凝土立方体抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度均高于C40基准混凝土，立方体抗压强度最大提高了21.0%，劈裂抗拉强度最大提高了35.3%。BF和CF的掺入均会减小混凝土的塌落度，BF对于塌落度的减小更加明显，BF对塌落度的最大降幅为67.1%；矿渣代砂率是影响BF-CF/矿渣混凝土立方体抗压强度的显著因素，随着矿渣代砂率的增大，立方体抗压强度先增大后减小，矿渣对立方体抗压强度的最大提高幅度为7.6%；BF是影响BF-CF/矿渣混凝土劈裂抗拉强度的显著因素，劈裂抗拉强度随BF体积率的增加而增大，BF对劈裂抗拉强度的最大增幅为12.0%，CF对劈裂抗拉强度的提升不明显。对正交试验的结果进行回归分析得出BF-CF/矿渣混凝土立方体抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度预测模型，模型精度较高。
- 混凝土 /
- 玄武岩纤维(BF) /
- 碳纤维(CF) /
- 矿渣代砂 /
- 力学性能 /
- 正交试验 /
- 强度预测模型
Abstract: The slump, cube compressive strength and splitting tensile strength tests of 16 groups of basalt fiber-carbon fiber(BF-CF)/slag concrete and 1 group of C40 reference concrete were conducted by orthogonal experimental method. The effects of BF, CF and slag on the mechanical properties of BF-CF/slag concrete were investigated. The test results show that the cube compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of BF-CF/slag concrete are higher than the cube compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of C40 reference concrete, i.e., the maximum increase of cube compressive strength is 21.0%, and the maximum increase of splitting tensile strength is 35.3%. The addition of BF and CF can reduce the slump of concrete, and BF can reduce the slump more significantly. The maximum drop of BF to the slump is 67.1%. The mass fraction of slag replacing for sand is a significant factor affecting the cube compressive strength of BF-CF/slag concrete. With the increase of mass fraction of slag replacing for sand, the cube compressive strength first increases and then decreases, and the maximum increase of slag to the cube compressive strength is 7.6%. BF is a significant factor affecting the tensile strength of BF-CF/slag concrete, and the tensile strength increases with the increase of the volume fraction of BF. The maximum increase of BF to the tensile strength is 12.0%, and the increase of CF to the tensile strength is not obvious. The results of the orthogonal experiment were regressed, and the prediction models of the cube compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of the BF-CF/slag concrete were obtained, and the accuracy of model is high.
- concrete /
- basalt fiber(BF) /
- carbon fiber(CF) /
- slag replacing for sand /
- mechanical properties /
- orthogonal experiment /
- strength prediction model

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图 1 玄武岩纤维(BF)和碳纤维(CF)的外观

Figure 1. Appearances of basalt fiber(BF) and carbon fiber(CF)

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图 2 C40基准混凝土和BF-CF/矿渣混凝土立方体抗压试验破坏形态

Figure 2. Failure forms of cube compressive test for C40 reference concrete and BF-CF/slag concrete

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图 3 C40基准混凝土和BF-CF/矿渣混凝土劈裂抗拉试验破坏形态

Figure 3. Failure forms of splitting tensile test for C40 reference concrete and BF-CF/slag concrete

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图 4 BF体积分数(V_b)、CF体积分数(V_c)和矿渣代砂率(R_s)对BF-CF/矿渣混凝土塌落度、立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和拉压比的影响

Figure 4. Effects of volume fraction of BF(V_b), volume fraction of CF(V_c) and mass ratio of slag replacing for sand(R_s) on slump, cube compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and tension-compression ratio of BF-CF/slag concrete

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图 5 BF-CF/矿渣混凝土立方体抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度预测值与实测值对比

Figure 5. Comparison of predicted values with measured values of cube compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of BF-CF/slag concrete

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表 1 BF和CF主要性能参数

Table 1. Main performance parameters of BF and CF

Fiber	BF	CF
Density/(g·cm^–³)	2.8	1.76
Tensile strength/MPa	4 000	3 800
Modulus of elasticity/GPa	100	230
Monofilament diameter/μm	12	8
Length/mm	12	6
Elongation at break/%	3.1	1.5

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表 2 矿渣的主要成分及性能

Table 2. Chemical composition and property of copper slag wt%

Fe₂O₃	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	CaO	Cu₂O	P₂O₅	Burning loss
41.5	29	4.2	7	0.5	−	3

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表 3 矿渣和天然石英砂的性能指标

Table 3. Performance indexes of copper slag and natural fine aggregate

Test item	Fineness modulus	Apparent density/(kg·m^–3)	Bulk density/(kg·m^–³)
Copper slag	3.3	2 650	1 900
Natural fine aggregate	1.4	3 600	1 750

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表 4 细骨料细度模数

Table 4. Fineness modulus of fine aggregate

R_s/wt%	0	20	40	60	80
Fineness modulus	1.40	2.17	2.36	2.62	2.94
Note: R_s—Mass fraction of slag replacing for sand.

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表 5 BF-CF/矿渣混凝土正交试验因素和水平

Table 5. Factors and levels of orthogonal test of BF-CF/slag concrete

Level	Factor
Level	V_b(A)/vol%	V_c(B)/vol%	R_s(C)/wt%	Blank column(D)	Blank column(E)
1	0.1	0.1	20	1	1
2	0.2	0.2	40	2	2
3	0.3	0.3	60	3	3
4	0.4	0.4	80	4	4
Notes：V_b—volume fraction of BF in concrete, V_c—Volume fraction of CF in concrete.

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表 6 C40基准混凝土配合比

Table 6. Proportion of C40 reference concrete kg·m⁻³

Type	Cement	Fly ash	Sand	Stone	Water	Water reducer
S-1	405	71	613	1 242	162	5.24
Notes：S—Reference concrete.

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表 7 C40基准混凝土和BF-CF/矿渣混凝土塌落度和强度试验结果

Table 7. Test results of slump and strength of C40 reference concrete and BF-CF/slag concrete

Material type	Factor			Concrete slump/mm	Cube compressive strength f_cu/MPa	Splitting tensile strength f_ts/MPa	Tension-compression ratio (f_ts/f_cu)
Material type	A/ vol%	B/ vol%	C/ wt%	Concrete slump/mm	Cube compressive strength f_cu/MPa	Splitting tensile strength f_ts/MPa	Tension-compression ratio (f_ts/f_cu)
S-1	0	0	0	178	44.3	3.31	0.074718
ZJ-1	0.1	0.1	20	168	47.2	3.70	0.078390
ZJ-2	0.1	0.2	40	143	48.7	3.79	0.077823
ZJ-3	0.1	0.3	60	125	53.6	4.18	0.077985
ZJ-4	0.1	0.4	80	81	47.8	4.17	0.087238
ZJ-5	0.2	0.1	40	138	48.1	4.11	0.085447
ZJ-6	0.2	0.2	20	120	47.9	3.99	0.083299
ZJ-7	0.2	0.3	80	78	48.0	4.24	0.088333
ZJ-8	0.2	0.4	60	93	50.4	4.30	0.085317
ZJ-9	0.3	0.1	60	107	51.8	4.40	0.084942
ZJ-10	0.3	0.2	20	91	47.3	4.26	0.090063
ZJ-11	0.3	0.3	80	76	50.1	4.24	0.084631
ZJ-12	0.3	0.4	40	65	52.2	4.38	0.083908
ZJ-13	0.4	0.1	80	73	45.5	4.41	0.096923
ZJ-14	0.4	0.2	60	41	50.4	4.45	0.088294
ZJ-15	0.4	0.3	40	33	51.0	4.48	0.087843
ZJ-16	0.4	0.4	20	23	49.8	4.33	0.086948
Notes: S—Reference concrete; ZJ—BF-CF/slag concrete.

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表 8 BF-CF/矿渣混凝土塌落度和强度的极差分析结果

Table 8. Range analysis results of slump and strength of BF-CF/slag concrete

Examination index	Range calculation	BF	CF	Slag	Blank column(D)	Blank column (E)
Concrete slump/mm	B_i1	129.25	121.5	100.5	88.00	96.25
	B_i2	107.25	98.75	94.75	85.25	95.75
	B_i3	84.75	78.00	91.5	96.25	84.00
	B_i4	42.50	65.50	77.00	94.25	87.75
	R_i	86.75	56.00	23.50	11.00	12.25
Cube compressive strength f_cu/MPa	B_i1	48.8	48.2	48.6	49.6	49.0
	B_i2	49.0	48.8	49.5	49.6	49.8
	B_i3	50.5	51.0	52.3	48.7	49.1
	B_i4	49.4	50.4	47.0	49.7	49.6
	R_i	1.7	2.8	5.3	1.0	0.8
Splitting tensile strength f_ts/MPa	B_i1	3.96	4.16	4.07	4.19	4.19
	B_i2	4.16	4.12	4.19	4.26	4.24
	B_i3	4.32	4.29	4.33	4.19	4.24
	B_i4	4.42	4.30	4.27	4.22	4.19
	R_i	0.46	0.18	0.27	0.07	0.05
Tension-compression ratio (f_ts/f_cu)	B_i1	0.080359	0.086425	0.088317	0.084731	0.085403
	B_i2	0.085990	0.084870	0.083755	0.085831	0.085529
	B_i3	0.085886	0.084698	0.084135	0.086174	0.086402
	B_i4	0.090002	0.085853	0.090640	0.085111	0.084512
	R_i	0.009643	0.001727	0.006885	0.001442	0.001891
Notes: B_ij—Average of the test results of factor i at level j; R_i—Range value of factor i.

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表 9 BF-CF/矿渣混凝土塌落度和强度的方差分析检验

Table 9. Variance analysis of slump and strength of BF-CF/slag concrete

Examination index	Source of variation	S_S	D_F	M_S	F	Significance
Concrete slump/mm	BF	16 473.688	3	5 491.229	40.576	**
	CF	6 593.062	3	2 197.687	16.239	*
	Slag	557.062	3	185.687	1.372	−
	Error	759.375	6	126.563
Cube compressive strength f_cu/MPa	BF	6.372	3	2.124	2.848	−
	CF	17.142	3	5.714	7.661	*
	Slag	41.848	3	13.949	18.703	**
	Error	4.475	6	0.746
Splitting tensile strength f_ts/MPa	BF	0.480	3	0.160	37.765	**
	CF	0.094	3	0.031	7.376	*
	Slag	0.160	3	0.053	12.566	*
	Error	0.025	6	0.004
Tension-compression ratio (f_ts/f_cu)	BF	0	3	0.0000624710	30.272	**
	CF	0.0000080623	3	0.0000026873	1.302	−
	Slag	0	3	0.0000481120	23.313	*
	Error	0.0000123852	6	0.0000020643
Notes: S_S—Sum of squares; D_F—Degree of freedom; M_S—Mean square; F—F-value; *—Highly marked; —Marked; −—No marked; F_0.05(3,6)=4.76.

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表 10 其他文献^[27-31]混凝土强度预测结果

Table 10. Strength prediction results of concrete in other research^[27-31] results

Literature	Numbers	V_b/ vol%	V_c/ vol%	R_s/ wt%	Cube compressive strength /MPa			Splitting tensile strength /MPa
Literature	Numbers	V_b/ vol%	V_c/ vol%	R_s/ wt%	Actual measurement	Prediction	Relative error/%	Actual measurement	Prediction	Relative error/%
Literature^[27](C40)	1	0.1	—	—	46.20	41.73	−9.68	3.30	3.28	−0.51
	2	0.15	—	—	44.70	41.80	−6.50	3.74	3.36	−10.16
	3	0.2	—	—	43.70	41.86	−4.21	4.01	3.44	−14.30
Literature^[28](C30)	4	0.05	—	—	39.50	40.57	2.70	3.75	3.72	−0.89
	5	0.1	—	—	37.80	40.63	7.49	3.86	3.79	−1.73
	6	0.2	—	—	35.10	40.76	16.13	4.00	3.95	−1.34
Literature^[29](C30)	7	0.1	—	—	43.20	39.23	−9.19	3.76	3.62	−3.64
Literature^[29](C40)	8	0.1	—	—	54.80	49.83	−9.07	4.43	4.15	−6.25
Literature^[29](C40)	9	0.2	—	—	51.60	49.96	−3.18	3.69	4.31	−8.18
Literature^[30](C40)	10	—	—	30	48.80	52.31	7.20	3.73	4.00	7.34
	11	—	—	50	43.80	51.99	18.69	3.59	4.08	13.64
	12	—	0.1	—	57.41	53.58	−6.67	4.15	3.95	−4.86
	13	—	0.2	—	60.26	54.36	−9.79	4.66	4.01	−14.02
	14	—	0.3	—	68.44	55.14	−19.43	5.01	4.06	−18.87
	15	—	0.1	30	51.76	53.58	−3.52	3.95	4.06	2.83
	16	—	0.2	30	54.30	54.36	0.11	4.46	4.12	−7.65
	17	—	0.3	30	61.43	55.14	−10.24	4.93	4.18	−15.21
Literature^[31](C30， m_w/m_c=0.55)	18	—	—	20	38.60	34.28	−11.20	2.80	2.78	−0.86
	19	—	—	40	33.20	33.95	2.26	2.70	2.85	5.61
	20	—	—	60	34.00	33.63	−1.10	2.80	2.93	4.55
	21	—	—	80	32.80	33.30	1.52	2.65	3.00	13.33
	22	—	—	100	30.70	32.98	7.41	—	—	—
Literature^[31](C40， m_w/ m_c=0.45)	23	—	—	20	50.20	45.48	−9.41	2.55	2.48	−2.91
	24	—	—	40	48.20	45.15	−6.33	2.35	2.55	8.58
	25	—	—	60	50.20	44.83	−10.71	2.40	2.63	9.47
	26	—	—	80	46.70	44.50	−4.71	2.30	2.70	17.53
	27	—	—	100	47.80	44.18	−7.58	—	—	—
Note: m_w/m_c—Water-cementc mass ratio.

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