基于空间限域强制组装法制备短切碳纤维/乙烯-醋酸乙烯导电复合材料性能

李哲; 黄尧; 吴刚强; 杜宇; 范晓静; 吴大鸣

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20190924.002

基于空间限域强制组装法制备短切碳纤维/乙烯-醋酸乙烯导电复合材料性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20190924.002

北京化工大学　机电工程学院，北京 100029

基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费（校级）（JD1810）

详细信息

通讯作者:
吴大鸣，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为高分子材料性能及加工工艺 E-mail：wudaming@vip.163.com

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-06-23
- 录用日期: 2019-08-23
- 网络出版日期: 2019-09-25
- 刊出日期: 2020-06-15

Properties of short carbon fiber/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer high conductivity composites prepared by spatial confining forced network assembly method

School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China

摘要

摘要: 采用空间限域强制组装法（SCFNA）制备短切碳纤维/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物（SCF/EVA）导电复合材料，研究SCFNA方法制备SCF/EVA复合材料中导电填料分布形态的演变规律及该方法对复合材料导电性能和力学性能的影响。与传统共混方法相比，采用SCFNA方法制备的SCF/EVA复合材料，导电网络上SCF的间距变小，网络密实度显著提高，导电性能得到大幅度提升并具有良好的力学性能。实验表明：通过SCFNA方法制备的SCF/EVA复合材料的逾渗阈值为6.5 wt%，低于共混自组装法的8.2 wt%。相同SCF质量分数下，SCF/EVA复合材料的电导率比共混法自组装最高提高4个数量级。随着SCF质量分数的增加，SCF/EVA复合材料的力学性能呈先提高后降低的趋势，其中10 wt%SCF/EVA复合材料的力学性能最优，拉伸强度达到19.86 MPa。
- 空间限域 /
- 强制组装 /
- 电导率 /
- 碳纤维 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: Short carbon fiber/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (SCF/EVA) conductive composites were prepared by spatial confining forced network assembly (SCFNA). The evolution of the distribution of conductive fillers in SCF/EVA composites prepared by SCFNA method and the effect of the method on the electrical and mechanical properties of composites were investigated. Compared with the traditional blending method, the spacing of SCF on the conductive network of SCF/EVA composites prepared by SCFNA method is reduced, and the network compactness, electrical conductivity and mechanical properties are improved. The experimental results show that the percolation threshold of SCF/EVA composites prepared by SCFNA method is 6.5 wt%, which is lower than the blending self-assembly method which is 8.2wt%. At the same SCF mass fraction, SCF/EVA composites is up to 4 orders of magnitude higher than that of self-assembly by blending method. The mechanical properties of SCF/EVA composites increase first and then decrease with the increase of SCF mass fraction. The mechanical properties of10 wt%SCF/EVA composites are the best, and the tensile strength reaches 19.86 MPa.
- spatial confining /
- forced assembly /
- electrical conductivity /
- carbon fiber /
- mechanical properties

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图 1 空间限域强制组装（SCFNA）方法的过程^[21]

Figure 1. Process of the spatial confining forced network assembly（SCFNA） method^[21]

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图 2 SCFNA法制备短切碳纤维/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物（SCF/EVA）复合材料工艺流程

Figure 2. Technological process preparing short carbon fiber/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(SCF/EVA) composite using SCFNA method

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图 3 共混自组装法和SCFNA法制备10 wt%SCF/EVA导电复合材料各个阶段试样断面SEM图像

Figure 3. SEM images of 10 wt%SCF/EVA conductive composite samples at each stage prepared by blending self-assembly method and SCFNA method

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图 4 SCF/EVA复合材料中SCF质量分数与电导率的关系

Figure 4. Relationship of SCF mass fraction and conductivity of SCF/EVA composites

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图 5 共混自组装法和SCFNA法制备的SCF/EVA复合材料逾渗阈值拟合结果

Figure 5. Percolation threshold fitting results of SCF/EVA composites prepared by blending self-assembly method and SCFNA method

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图 6 共混自组装法和SCFNA法制备的SCF/EVA复合材料中SCF质量分数与电导率之间的关系

Figure 6. Relationship of SCF mass fraction and electrical conductivity of SCF/EVA composites prepared by blending self-assembly method and SCFNA method

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图 7 10 wt%SCF/EVA复合材料试样厚度与电导率关系

Figure 7. Relationship between sample thickness and conductivity of10 wt%SCF/EVA composite

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图 8 SCF/EVA复合材料中SCF的质量分数与拉伸强度之间的关系

Figure 8. Relationship between SCF mass fraction and tensile strength of SCF/EVA composites

X_t—Longitudinal tensile strength; σ_fu—Fracture stress of fiber; σ_mu— Fracture stress of the matrix;σ_m—Matrix strain is equal to the matrix stress when the fiber fracture strain; $\varphi $_fmin—Fiber minimum mass fraction; $\varphi $_fcr—Fiber critical mass fraction; $\varphi $_fmax—Fiber mass fraction;$\varphi $_f—Fiber mass fraction.

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图 9 SCFNA法制备的SCF/EVA复合材料的拉伸强度随SCF质量分数的变化

Figure 9. Variation of tensile strength of EVA/SCF composites prepared by SCFNA method with SCF mass fraction

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图 10 SCFNA法制备的SCF/EVA复合材料应力-应变关系

Figure 10. Stress-strain relationship of SCF/EVA composites prepared by SCFNA method

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表 1 SCF/EVA复合材料的电导率

Table 1. Conductivity of SCF/EVA composites

SCF mass fraction/wt%	SCFNA		Blending self-assembly conductivity/(S·m⁻¹)	Conductivity increase multiple
SCF mass fraction/wt%	Thickness/mm	Conductivity/(S·m⁻¹)	Blending self-assembly conductivity/(S·m⁻¹)	Conductivity increase multiple
5	0.1	7.64×10⁻¹²	3.63×10⁻¹³	2.10×10
	0.2	4.12×10⁻¹²	−	1.13×10
	0.3	9.63×10⁻¹³	−	2.65
	0.4	6.56×10⁻¹³	−	1.81
7	0.1	5.79×10⁻¹⁰	9.60×10⁻¹³	6.03×10²
	0.2	2.13×10⁻¹⁰	−	2.22×10²
	0.3	8.54×10⁻¹¹	−	8.90×10
	0.4	2.53×10⁻¹¹	−	2.64×10
10	0.1	4.21×10⁻⁶	1.62×10⁻¹⁰	2.60×10⁴
	0.2	6.59×10⁻⁷	−	4.07×10³
	0.3	4.99×10⁻⁷	−	3.08×10³
	0.4	1.95×10⁻⁷	−	1.40×10³
13	0.1	1.25	1.49×10⁻²	8.39×10
	0.2	8.61×10⁻¹	−	5.77×10
	0.3	7.30×10⁻¹	−	4.90×10
	0.4	5.60×10⁻¹	−	3.76×10
15	0.1	3.26	9.25×10⁻²	3.52×10
	0.2	1.73	−	1.87×10
	0.3	1.03	−	1.11×10
	0.4	8.21×10⁻¹	−	9.30
18	0.1	3.30×10	2.60×10⁻¹	1.27×10²
	0.2	2.08×10	−	8.00×10
	0.3	1.45×10	−	5.58×10
	0.4	8.22	−	3.39×10
20	0.1	7.90×10	5.11	1.55×10
	0.2	5.68×10	−	1.11×10
	0.3	3.29×10	−	6.44
	0.4	2.41×10	−	4.72
25	0.1	1.22×10²	1.02×10	1.20×10
	0.2	7.97×10	−	7.81
	0.3	4.62×10	−	4.53
	0.4	3.86×10	−	3.87
30	0.1	1.66×10²	1.63×10	1.02×10
	0.2	1.18×10²	−	7.24
	0.3	8.12×10	−	4.98
	0.4	6.61×10	−	4.06

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表 2 10 wt%SCF/EVA复合材料不同压缩比的电导率

Table 2. Conductivity of 10 wt%SCF/EVA compostie with different compression ratios

Sample thickness/mm	ε/%	Conductivity/(S·m⁻¹)
0.1	86.30	4.21×10⁻⁶
0.15	79.45	2.62×10⁻⁶
0.2	72.60	6.59×10⁻⁷
0.25	65.75	5.25×10⁻⁷
0.3	58.90	4.99×10⁻⁷
0.4	45.21	1.95×10⁻⁷
0.5	31.51	8.22×10⁻⁸
0.6	17.81	4.89×10⁻⁸
0.7	4.11	5.35×10⁻¹⁰
0.8	−9.59	3.36×10⁻¹⁰
1.0	−36.99	1.62×10⁻¹⁰
1.25	−71.23	1.07×10⁻¹⁰
1.5	−105.48	9.26×10⁻¹¹
2.0	−173.97	8.95×10⁻¹¹
Note: ε—Forced compression ratio.

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