Effect of Y2O3 on microstructure and properties of Ti-based laser cladding layer
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摘要: 针对Ti811钛合金硬度低、耐磨性差的问题,以TC4粉、Ni45A粉和Y2O3粉为原料,采用同轴送粉激光熔覆技术在Ti811钛合金表面进行了激光熔覆制备耐磨复合涂层的实验,分析了熔覆层的组织和相组成,测试了熔覆层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损等力学性能。研究表明:复合涂层组织由枝晶TiC、依附生长于枝晶TiC表面的纳米颗粒TiC、生长于基体表面的等轴球形(近球形)TiC、金属间化合物Ti2Ni、增强相TiB、TiB2及基体α-Ti组成,所有生成相呈均匀弥散分布状态;涂层中等轴球形(近球形)TiC和Y2O3构成了复合相结构,经二维点阵错配度计算表明,Y2O3的(111)晶面与TiC的(110)晶面的二维点阵错配度δ=6.54%,因此Y2O3可作为TiC的有效异质形核核心细化晶粒;涂层的显微硬度处于HV0.5 655~700之间,较Ti811基材提高了约1.6~1.8倍;涂层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损,摩擦磨损性能较基材显著提升。Abstract: Aiming at the problem of low hardness and poor wear resistance of Ti811 titanium alloy, the experiments of laser cladding by synchronous powder feeding laser cladding technology to prepare wear-resistant composite coatings were made. TC4 powder, Ni45A powder and Y2O3 powder were used as cladding material. The microstructure and the phase composition were analyzed. The mechanical properties of composite coating such as microhardness and friction and wear properties were tested. The research results show that the coating is made up of dendritic TiC, TiC nanoparticles grown on the surface of dendritic TiC, equiaxed spherical (nearly spherical) TiC grown on the surface of matrix, intermetallic compound Ti2Ni, reinforced phases TiB, TiB2 and matrix α-Ti. The phases are uniformly dispersed in the coating. The composite phase structure is consisted of equiaxed spherical (nearly spherical) TiC and Y2O3.The two-dimensional lattice mismatch calculation shows that the two-dimensional lattice mismatch between the (111) crystal plane of Y2O3 and the (110) crystal plane of TiC is δ=6.54%, which indicates that Y2O3 can act as the effective heterogeneous nuclei of TiC to refine grains. The microhardness is between HV0.5 655 and HV0.5 700, which is about 1.6 to 1.8 times higher than that of the Ti811 substrate. The wear mechanism of the coating is mainly abrasive wear, the friction and wear properties are significantly improved compared with the substrate.
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Key words:
- laser cladding /
- Y2O3 /
- microstructure /
- two-dimensional lattice mismatch /
- friction and wear
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图 10 Ti811基材(a) 和TC4-Ni45A-Y2O3熔覆层磨损表面白光干涉三维形貌(b)及Ti811基材(c)和TC4-Ni45A-Y2O3熔覆层摩擦磨损形貌(d)
Figure 10. White light interference morphologies of Ti811 substrate wear surface(a) and TC4-Ni45A-Y2O3 cladding layer wear surface(b) and morphologies of friction and wear of Ti811 substrate(c) and TC4-Ni45A-Y2O3 cladding layer(d)
表 1 Ti811钛合金化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of Ti811 alloy
wt% Al V Mo C N Fe O Ti 8.1 0.99 1.05 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.06 Bal. 表 2 TC4球形粉主要化学成分
Table 2. Main chemical composition of TC4 spherical powder
wt% Al V Fe C N O Ti 5.5-6.8 3.5-4.5 0.30 0.10 0.05 0.20 Bal. 表 3 Ni45A球形粉主要化学成分
Table 3. Main chemical composition of Ni45A spherical powder
wt% C Cr B Si Fe Ni 0.3-0.6 11.0-15.0 2.0-3.0 4.5-6.5 ≤5.0 Bal. 表 4 TC4-Ni45A-Y2O3激光熔覆层中各物相EDS分析结果
Table 4. EDS analysis results of each phase in TC4-Ni45A-Y2O3 laser cladding layer
Phase Content C Al Si Ti V Cr Fe Ni Y O A1(α-Ti) Mass fraction/wt% 2.30 5.52 0.17 78.39 3.54 4.39 0.65 5.04 0 0 Atom fraction/at% 8.39 8.97 0.26 71.37 3.04 3.70 0.51 3.76 0 0 A2(TiC) Mass fraction/wt% 18.56 0.54 0 75.51 0 0 0 0.73 0 4.66 Atom fraction/at% 42.46 0.58 0 49.13 0 0 0 0.36 0 7.47 A3(TiC) Mass fraction/wt% 16.64 0.48 0 74.44 0 0 0 0.58 0.91 6.95 Atom fraction/at% 40.45 0.52 0 45.54 0 0 0 0.29 0.30 12.90 A4 Mass fraction/wt% 7.36 0.69 0.25 24.23 0 0 0 1.12 48.48 17.87 Atom fraction/at% 21.18 0.74 0.26 23.14 0 0 0 0.55 23.50 30.63 A5(Ti2Ni) Mass fraction/wt% 2.31 1.67 0.85 56.83 1.13 1.99 1.53 33.69 0 0 Atom fraction/at% 8.95 2.87 1.41 55.05 1.03 1.78 1.28 27.63 0 0 表 5 室温下(293 K)Y2O3与TiC二维点阵错配度计算结果
Table 5. Two-dimensional lattice mismatch calculation results of Y2O3 and TiC at room temperature (293 K)
Matching planes Y2O3(111) // TiC(110) Y2O3(110) // TiC(110) Y2O3(100) // TiC(100) Low-index crystal directions in Y2O3(111)/[uvw]Y2O3 [$1\overline 1 0$] [$11\bar 2$] [$10\overline 1 $] [001] [$\overline 1 10$] [$\overline 1 11$] [001] [010] [011] Low-index crystal directions in TiC(110)/[uvw]TiC [001] [$1\overline 1 0$] [$1\overline 1 1$] [001] [$\overline 1 10$] [$\overline 1 11$] [001] [010] [011] Angle between [uvw]Y2O3 and [uvw]TiC/(º) 0 0 5.264 0 0 0 0 0 0 Interatomic spacing along [uvw]Y2O3/dY2O3/nm 0.3722 0.6448 0.7445 0.2632 0.3722 0.4559 0.5264 0.5264 0.7445 Interatomic spacing along [uvw]TiC/dTiC/nm 0.4327 0.6120 0.7495 0.2164 0.3060 0.3748 0.4327 0.4327 0.6120 Lattice misfit δ/% 6.81 21.63 21.65 表 6 3 340 K下Y2O3与TiC二维点阵错配度计算结果
Table 6. Two-dimensional lattice mismatch calculation results of Y2O3 and TiC at 3 340 K
Matching planes Y2O3(111) // TiC(110) Y2O3(110) // TiC(110) Y2O3(100) // TiC(100) [uvw]Y2O3 [$1\overline 1 0$] [$11\bar 2$] [$10\overline 1 $] [001] [$\overline 1 10$] [$\overline 1 11$] [001] [010] [011] [uvw]TiC [001] [$1\overline 1 0$] [$1\overline 1 1$] [001] [$\overline 1 10$] [$\overline 1 11$] [001] [010] [011] Angle between [uvw]Y2O3 and [uvw]TiC/(º) 0 0 5.264 0 0 0 0 0 0 dY2O3/nm 0.3795 0.6574 0.7591 0.2684 0.3795 0.4648 0.5367 0.5367 0.7591 dTiC/nm 0.4414 0.6243 0.7646 0.2208 0.3122 0.3824 0.4414 0.4414 0.6243 δ/% 6.54 21.55 21.59 表 7 Ti811基材和TC4-Ni45A-Y2O3复合材料激光熔覆层的摩擦磨损性能参数
Table 7. Friction and wear property parameters of Ti811 substrate and TC4-Ni45A-Y2O3 composite laser cladding layer
Materials Wear volume/10-3mm3 Wear depth/µm Average friction coefficient Ti811 substrate 195.90 108.0 0.65 Laser cladding layer 152.38 91.5 0.40 -
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