预浸料先进拉挤成型的固化传热过程数值模拟

姜碧羽; 齐俊伟; 刘小林

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20190904.001

预浸料先进拉挤成型的固化传热过程数值模拟

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20190904.001

1.
南京航空航天大学　材料科学与技术学院，南京 210001
2.
上海飞机制造有限公司　航空制造技术研究所，上海 200135

基金项目: “高档数控机床与基础制造装备”科技重大专项(2017ZX04009001)

详细信息

通讯作者:
齐俊伟，硕士，高级工程师，硕士生导师，研究方向为先进复合材料自动化成型技术　E-mail：qijunwei@nuaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
计量
- 文章访问数: 981
- HTML全文浏览量: 181
- PDF下载量: 110
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-05
- 录用日期: 2019-08-16
- 网络出版日期: 2019-09-04
- 刊出日期: 2020-06-15

Numerical simulation of curing and heat transfer process of prepreg in advanced pultrusion

1.
Shcool of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210001, China
2.
Institute of Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Co. LTD, Shanghai 200135, China

摘要

摘要: 对M21C碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料预浸料在先进拉挤成型过程中的温度与固化度曲线进行了研究。使用DSC测得M21C预浸料在升温与恒温状态下的固化反应动力学方程，用于树脂固化反应的计算。基于有限元软件，结合有限差分法与体积控制法编写脚本解决热传导与树脂固化反应的计算，从而得到温度与固化度曲线，并在先进拉挤生产中测得实际的温度与固化度曲线，结果表明计算与实测曲线基本吻合，因此验证了算法的可行性。改变先进拉挤的工艺参数（加热温度区间、拉挤速度）再进行模拟计算，通过计算结果优化工艺参数，得到帽形梁先进拉挤三区间加热的理想工艺参数：模具加热温度区间为160-180-200℃；拉挤速度为1 cm/60 s。
- 先进拉挤 /
- 固化 /
- 有限差分法 /
- 体积控制法 /
- 热传导
Abstract: The temperature and cure curves of the M21C carbon fiber/epoxy composite prepreg in the advanced pultrusion process were studied. The kinetic equation of curing reaction of M21C prepreg under elevated and constant temperature was measured by DSC, which was used for the calculation of resin curing reaction. Based on the finite element software, the script combined with finite difference method and volume control method was used to solve the calculation of heat transfer and resin curing reaction, so as to obtain the temperature and cure curve, and the actual curve was measured in the production. The results show that the calculation curve is basically consistent with the measured curve, so the feasibility of the algorithm is verified. The process parameters of the advanced pultrusion (heating temperature interval and pultrusion speed) were changed and then simulation calculation was carried out. The process parameters can be optimized by calculation results. The ideal process parameters of the three-section heating in cap-beam advanced pultrusion were obtained. The ideal mold heating temperature range is 160-180-200℃. The ideal pultrusion speed is 1 cm/60 s.
- advanced pultrusion /
- curing /
- finite difference method /
- volume control method /
- heat transfer

HTML全文

图 1 先进拉挤（ADP）技术成型流程示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of advanced pultrusion(ADP) molding process

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 M21C碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料动态固化DSC曲线

Figure 2. Dynamic curing DSC curves of M21C carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 M21C碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料等温固化DSC曲线

Figure 3. Isothermal curing DSC curves of M21C carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 帽形梁尺寸

Figure 4. Size of cap-beam

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 帽形梁有限元模型

Figure 5. Finite element model of cap-bean

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 拉挤过程多区间加热模具示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of multi-section heating mold for pultrusion process

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 网格划分与节点控制体积示意图

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of meshing and node control volume

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 数值程序模拟流程图

Figure 8. Flowchart of numerical program simulation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 帽形梁测温点

Figure 9. Temperature measurement points in cap-beam

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 模拟与实测帽形梁温度曲线对比

Figure 10. Comparison of simulated and measured temperature curves of cap-beam

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 模拟与实测帽形梁固化度曲线对比

Figure 11. Comparison of simulated and measured cure curves of cap-beam

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 不同温度区间下M21C碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料的温度变化曲线

Figure 12. Temperature curves of M21C carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg in different temperature intervals

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 不同温度区间下M21C碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料的固化度变化曲线

Figure 13. Degree of cure curves of M21C carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg in different temperature intervals

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 不同拉挤速度下M21C碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料的温度变化曲线

Figure 14. Temperature curves of M21C carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg at different pultrusion speeds

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 不同拉挤速度下M21C碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料的固化度变化曲线

Figure 15. Degree of cure curves of M21C carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg at different pultrusion speeds

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 M21C碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料在不同升温速率下的固化反应总热H_u

Table 1. Total heat H_u of curing reaction of M21C carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg at different heating rates

Heating rate/(K·min⁻¹)	Heat of curing reaction/(J·g⁻¹)	H_u/(J·g⁻¹)
2	340.3	348.1
5	344.2	348.1
7	352.4	348.1
10	355.4	348.1

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 M21C碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料动态固化反应动力学参数

Table 2. Kinetic parameters of dynamic curing reaction of M21C carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg

Heating rate/(K·min⁻¹)	A	m	n
2	2.22×10⁹	0.14458	3.29743
5	1.29×10⁹	0.12682	3.99609
7	8.30×10⁸	0.10107	2.63121
10	6.59×10⁸	0.10896	2.22948
Average	1.25×10⁹	0.12035	3.03855

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 M21C碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料等温固化反应放热量

Table 3. Isothermal curing reaction exotherm of M21C carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg

Isothermal temperature/℃	H_r/(J·g⁻¹)	H_R/(J·g⁻¹)	H_u/(J·g⁻¹)
140	189.5	172.20	361.70
150	206.1	161.20	367.30
160	281.1	92.27	373.37
170	349.7	26.15	375.85
Notes: H_r—Isothermal reaction heat; H_R—Remnant heat; H_u—Total reaction heat.

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 M21C碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料等温固化反应动力学参数

Table 4. Kinetic parameters of isothermal curing reaction of M21C carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg

Isothermal temperature/℃	k	m	n
140	1.77×10⁻⁴	0.27058	1.56186
150	3.44×10⁻⁴	0.37749	2.31377
160	6.83×10⁻⁴	0.48199	2.24163
170	1.05×10⁻³	0.53816	2.13189
Averge	—	0.41706	2.06229

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 M21C碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料热性能参数

Table 5. Thermal property parameters of M21C carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg

	ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	C_p/(J·(kg·K)⁻¹)	k/(W·(m·K)⁻¹)
Epoxy resin	1 260	1 255	0.21
Carbon fiber	1 790	712	k_c=11.6, k_c=0.75
Composite(V_r=0.34)	1 609.81	898.32	k_l=66.0, k_l=0.78
Notes: ρ—Volume density; C_p—Specific heat capacity; k—Volume thermal conductivity.

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 模拟与实测帽形梁最终固化度α对比

Table 6. Comparison of final degree of cure α between simulated and measured results of cap-beam

Temperature interval/℃	H_R/(J·g⁻¹)	α from experiment	α from simulation
120-140-160	158.37	0.5450	0.4830
140-160-180	56.090	0.8389	0.7956
160-180-200	23.450	0.9326	0.9238

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(17)

[1]	齐俊伟, 李勇, 肖军. 先进拉挤成形技术及其在大飞机复合材料结构中的应用[J]. 航空制造技术, 2011(15):58-60. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-833X.2011.15.012 QI Junwei, LI Yong, XIAO Jun. Advanced pultrusion technology used on large aircraft composite structures[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2011(15):58-60(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-833X.2011.15.012
[2]	陈以传. 帽形长桁先进拉挤成型技术研究[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2018. CHEN Yichuan. Research on advanced pultrusion technology of cap-shaped long raft[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018(in Chinese).
[3]	SORRENTINO L, ESPOSITO L, BELLINI C. A new methodology to evaluate the influence of curing overheating on the mechanical properties of thick FRP laminates[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering,2016,109:187-196.
[4]	LIN X L, CROUCH I G, LAM Y C. Simulation of heat transfer and cure in pultrusion with a general-purpose finite element package[J]. Composites Science and Technology,2000,60(6):857-864. doi: 10.1016/S0266-3538(99)00189-X
[5]	LIN X L. Numerical modeling on pultrusion of composite I beam[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,2001,32A(5):663-681.
[6]	LIN X L. A finite element/nodal volume technique for flow simulation of injection pultrusion[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,2003,34A(7):649-661.
[7]	JOSHI S C, LAM Y C. Integrated approach for modelling cure and crystallization kinetics of different polymers in 3D pultrusion simulation[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2006,174(1):178-182.
[8]	BARAN I, HATTEL J H, TUTUM C C. Thermo-chemical modelling strategies for the pultrusion process[J]. Applied Composite Materials,2013,20(6):1247-1263. doi: 10.1007/s10443-013-9331-x
[9]	ZAPAROLI E L, STROHER G R, ANDRADE C R. Parabolic modeling of the pultrusion process with thermal property variation[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer: A Rapid Communications Journal,2013,42:32-37. doi: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2012.12.010
[10]	刘天舒, 张宝艳, 陈祥宝. 3234中温固化环氧树脂体系的固化反应动力学研究[J]. 航空材料学报, 2005, 25(1):45-47, 52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5053.2005.01.010 LIU Tianshu, ZHANG Baoyan, CHEN Xiangbao. Curing reaction kinetics of 3234 medium temperature curing epoxy resin system[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2005,25(1):45-47, 52(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5053.2005.01.010
[11]	BARAN I, AKKERMAN R, HATTEL J H. Material characterization of a polyester resin system for the pultrusion process[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering,2014,64:194-201.
[12]	代晓青, 肖加余, 曾竟成, 等. 等温DSC法研究RFI用环氧树脂固化动力学[J]. 复合材料学报, 2008, 25(4):18-23. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3851.2008.04.004 DAI Xiaoqing, XIAO Jiayu, ZENG Jingcheng, et al. Curing kinetics of epoxy resin for RFI process using isothermal DSC[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2008,25(4):18-23(in Chinese). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3851.2008.04.004
[13]	谢占军, 杨喜, 王继辉. 等温DSC法研究风电叶片用环氧树脂固化动力学[J]. 玻璃钢/复合材料, 2018(6):94-98. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0999.2018.06.017 XIE Zhanjun, YANG Xi, WANG Jihui. Curing kinetics of epoxy resin for wind turbine blades using isothermal DSC[J]. Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2018(6):94-98(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0999.2018.06.017
[14]	PALAZZO G S, PASQUINO R, CARLONE P. Pultrusion manufacturing process development by computational modelling and methods[J]. Mathematical and Computer Modelling,2006,44(7/8):701-709.
[15]	SAFONOV A A, CARLONE P, AKHATOV I. Mathematical simulation of pultrusion processes: A review[J]. Composite Structures,2018,184:153-177. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.09.093
[16]	陈幸开, 谢怀勤, 曲艳双. CFRP拉挤过程非稳态温度场数值模拟与FBG实时检测[J]. 复合材料学报, 2008, 25(5):114-119. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3851.2008.05.019 CHEN Xingkai, XIE Huaiqin, QU Yanshuang. Simulation of unsteady temperature profile during CFRP pultrusion and detection by FBG[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2008,25(5):114-119(in Chinese). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3851.2008.05.019
[17]	BARKANOV E, AKISHIN P, MIAZZA N L, et al. ANSYS-based algorithms for a simulation of pultrusion processes[J]. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures,2017,24(5):377-384. doi: 10.1080/15376494.2016.1191096