针刺石英机织布损伤表征及针刺毡纤维分布取向的变化

杜培健; 王心淼; 吕庆涛; 张一帆; 陈利

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200507.004

针刺石英机织布损伤表征及针刺毡纤维分布取向的变化

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200507.004

天津工业大学　纺织科学与工程学院　纺织复合材料研究院，天津 300387

基金项目: 天津市教委科研计划项目(2017KJ066)；天津市科技重大专项与工程(18ZXJMTG00190)；山西省科技重大专项(20181102022)；天津市高等学校创新团队培养计划(TD13-5043)

详细信息

通讯作者:
陈利，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为先进纺织复合材料设计成型与性能分析　E-mail：chenli@tjpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332；TB383
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-18
- 录用日期: 2020-05-05
- 网络出版日期: 2020-05-07
- 刊出日期: 2021-01-15

Damage characterization of quartz woven fabric and change of the fiber distribution orientation of needle punched quartz fiber felt

Institute of Textile Composite Materials, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究针刺工艺中针刺密度的持续变化对3D针刺石英复合材料预制体中的机织石英布的损伤程度影响及对石英毡纤维分布取向的影响，采用体式显微镜对不同针刺密度下的机织物形貌的变化进行图像采集，并提出一种基于MATLAB软件可表征不同针刺密度对石英机织物损伤程度的方法。采用岛津AGS-250KNE拉伸试验机对不同针刺密度下的机织物样品进行拉伸性能测试，采用DHU-11非织造纤维取向分析仪对不同针刺密度下0°~180°范围内非织造石英毡的纤维取向分布进行测试。结果表明，当针刺密度分别为210刺/cm²和245刺/cm²时，相应的表征破损程度R值近似相等，即R₂₁₀=0.518近似等于R₂₄₅=0.515，可认为当针刺密度达到210刺/cm²时，针刺机织物力学性能损伤达到极限；针刺密度为0时，非织造石英毡的纤维取向分布呈明显正态分布。同一针刺密度下的纤维取向分布在0°~15°和165°~180°范围内，及在90°下的纤维分布量明显大于其他角度下的纤维分布量，且随着针刺密度的增加，同一角度下的纤维取向分布量总体呈逐渐减小趋势。
- 3D针刺预制体 /
- 针刺密度 /
- 石英机织布 /
- 损伤程度 /
- 纤维分布取向
Abstract: For exploring the effect of continuously changed needle punched density during the needle punching process on the damage degree of the quartz woven fabrics and the fiber orientation distribution of quartz nonwoven felt in preform of the 3D needle punched composites, stereomicroscope was used to gather the pictures, which recorded the changes in the macro morphology with different needle punched densities, and an approach based on MATLAB software to characterize the damage degree of the quartz fabric woven was presented. Shimadzu AGS-250KNE universal testing machine was used to test the tensile property of the quartz woven fabrics under different needle punched densities. DHU-11 nonwoven felt orientation distribution testing machine was used for testing the fiber orientation distribution of the quartz nonwoven felts under different needle density values and angle range of 0°~180°. The results of the experiment indicate that the R value presenting to characterize damage degree of the quartz fabric woven is 0.518 when the needle punched density reaches 210 punches/cm², which is approximately equal to the R value at 245 punches/cm² (0.515). Therefore, it can be concluded that the damage degree of the quartz fabric woven has reached the limit when the needle-punched density reaches 210 punches/cm². When the needle punched density is zero, the fiber orientation distribution of quartz nonwoven felt shows obvious normal distribution. The fiber orientation distribution amount within the angle range of 0°-15°, 165°-180° and 90° is bigger than that of other angle range under the same needle punched density. Moreover, the fiber orientation distribution amount under the same angle tends to decrease gradually with the increase of the needle needle punched density.
- 3D needled preform /
- needle punching density /
- quartz woven fabric /
- damage degree /
- fiber orientation distribution

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图 1 3D针刺石英复合材料纤维预制体示意图

Figure 1. Schematic image of preform for 3D needle punching quartz fiber composites

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 针刺密度在10~60刺/cm² (步长为10刺/cm²)范围内沿针刺方向机织物背面纤维分布图像

Figure 2. Fiber distribution in needle punched direction images of quartz fabric with needle punched density of 10–60 punches/cm² (at 10 punches/cm² increments)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 针刺密度在70~245刺/cm² (步长为35刺/cm²)范围内沿针刺方向机织物背面纤维分布图像

Figure 3. Fiber distribution in needle punched direction images of quartz fabric with needle punched density of 70–245 punches/cm² (at 35 punches/cm² increments)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 针刺机织物形貌损伤程度表征流程

Figure 4. Flow chart of damage morphology degree of needled woven fabric

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图 5 针刺密度在10~60刺/cm² (步长为10刺/cm²)范围内沿针刺方向机织物背面纤维分布图像的二值化图像

Figure 5. Fiber distribution in needle punched direction binary images of quartz fabric with needle punched density of 10–60 punches/cm² (at 10 punches/cm² increments)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 针刺密度在70~245刺/cm² (步长为35刺/cm²)范围内沿针刺方向机织物背面纤维分布图像的二值化图像

Figure 6. Fiber distribution in needle punched direction binary images of quartz fabric with needle punched density of 70–245 punches/cm² (at 35 punches/cm² increments)

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图 7 针刺密度在10~245刺/cm²下的针刺石英机织物损伤程度曲线

Figure 7. Damage degree curve of needle punched quartz woven fabrics at 10–245 punches/cm²

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图 8 针刺密度为0~245刺/cm²时经纬向针刺机织物拉伸断裂强力损失率曲线

Figure 8. Loss ratio of tensile breaking force for needle-punched quartz woven fabric at 0–245 punches/cm² in warp and weft direction

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图 9 针刺前石英纤维梳理毡宏观形貌及其纤维分布取向

Figure 9. Maroscopic morphology and histogram of quartz fiber distribution orientation of quartz nwovens before punching

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图 10 不同针刺密度下石英非织造布形貌图像

Figure 10. Microscopic morphology images of quarts nonwovens at different needle punching densities

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图 11 不同针刺密度下石英纤维非织造毡中纤维取向分布

Figure 11. Fiber orientation distribution for quartz nonwovens at different needle punching densities

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表 1 试验用2/1斜纹石英机织布参数

Table 1. Parameters of experimental quartz woven fabric

Gramag/ (g·cm⁻²)	Warp density/ cm	Weft density/ cm	Warp yarn fineness/ tex	Weft yarn fineness/ tex	Fiber density/ (g·cm⁻³)	Thinckness/ mm	Warp yarn width/ mm	Weft yarn width/ mm
560	5	7	571.5	381	2.2	0.71	2	1.43

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表 2 针刺工艺参数表

Table 2. Parameters of acupuncture process

Needling depth/ mm	Needling density/ m^–1	Punching frequency/ (punches·min⁻¹)
14	363	720

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表 3 拉伸试验参数及样品尺寸

Table 3. Tensile test parameters and sample size

Number of experimental group	Number of experimental sample per group	Tensile sample size/mm×mm	Initial gauge length/mm	Stretching speed/ (mm·min⁻¹)
26	5	350×50	200	100

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表 4 针刺密度为0~245刺/cm²范围内的石英机织布经纬向平均最大拉伸断裂强力及其保留率数据

Table 4. Mean tensile breaking force and ratio of mean tensile breaking force with needle punching density of 0–245 punches/cm²

Needle punching density/ (punches·cm⁻²)	Mean tensile breaking force/N		Loss percent of mean tensile breaking force [1–n/m]×100%/%
Needle punching density/ (punches·cm⁻²)	Warp	Weft	Warp	Weft
0	5 487.25	5 078.13	0	0
10	2 710.50	2 550.00	50.60	49.79
20	1 567.00	664.58	71.44	86.92
30	1 251.00	578.37	77.20	88.61
40	1 103.00	518.75	79.90	89.79
50	1 038.40	405.50	81.08	92.01
60	863.00	319.37	84.27	93.71
70	306.00	230.83	94.42	95.44
105	220.69	116.68	95.98	97.70
140	82.01	73.37	98.51	98.56
175	63.60	61.46	98.84	99.00
210	33.83	17.17	99.39	99.64
245	19.37	9.38	99.65	99.81

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