定向重组竹纤维素纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料的制备及其性能

李泽; 何文; 强瀚; 王瑞; 郭志豪; 郭飞宇; 曹济舟; 芦梦婷

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210114.001

定向重组竹纤维素纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料的制备及其性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210114.001

南京林业大学　材料科学与工程学院，南京 210037

基金项目: 郴州国家可持续发展议程创新示范区建设专项-新型竹重组材制备关键技术及产业化(2019sfq33)；湖南创新型省份建设专项-高性能竹重组材生产关键技术研究与产业化(S2019GXZDGY0500)

详细信息

通讯作者:
何文，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为生物质复合材料　E-mail：hewen2011@njfu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-16
- 录用日期: 2021-01-04
- 网络出版日期: 2021-01-14
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-01

Preparation and properties of directionally reconstituted bamboo cellulose fiber/phenolic resin composites

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

摘要

摘要: 研究以毛竹为原料，首先通过不同程度的脱木素处理制备成块状的定向竹纤维素纤维，然后进行酚醛树脂浸渍，最后高温热压成定向重组竹纤维素纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料(DBSP)。SEM、FTIR、XRD等检测显示随着脱木素时间的增加，木素含量逐渐降低，纤维素结晶度逐渐增加，竹材细胞壁变薄，并逐步被分离成微米级的定向竹材纤维素纤维。同时，研究指出随着脱木素处理时间的增加，DBSP的力学性能被显著提高，吸水率、尺寸稳定性均得到明显的改善。其中，脱木素处理6 h后的竹纤维素纤维制备的DBSP表现出优异的综合性能，其拉伸强度和静曲强度分别达到254.3 MPa 和176.8 MPa，24 h吸水率为5.83%，24 h吸水厚度和宽度膨胀率分别为2.28%和0.76%，因此，作为一种高性能的竹重组复合材料，可广泛应用于风力发电机叶片、汽车车身制造等领域。
- 竹纤维素纤维 /
- 定向重组 /
- 酚醛树脂 /
- 脱木素 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: Bamboo cellulose fiber was prepared via deligninfied treatment at different times, then was impregnated with phenolic resin, finally was fabricated into the directionally reconstituted bamboo cellulose fiber/phenolic resin composites (DBSP) under hot pressing. SEM, FTIR, and XRD tests indicate that with the increase of deligninfication time, the lignin content gradually decreases, the crystallinity of cellulose gradually increases, and the bamboo cell wall also becomes thinner, finally the bamboo cell wall is separated into micron-scale oriented bamboo cellulose fibers. Moreover, the performance tests display that the mechanical strength, water absorption and dimensional stability of DBSP are significantly improved with the increase of deligninfication time. Among them, DBSP (6 h) shows excellent comprehensive performance, in which the tensile strength and modulus of rapture are up to 254.3 MPa and 176.8 MPa, respectively; the water absorption of 24 h is decreased to 5.83%, and the absorbing water thickness and width expansion rate are 2.28% and 0.76%, respectively. Therefore, as a kind of high-performance bamboo orientation recombined composites, it could be widely used in wind tur-bine blades, automotive body and other fields.
- bamboo cellulose fiber /
- orientation recombination /
- phenolic resin /
- deligninfication treatment /
- mechanical properties

HTML全文

图 1 竹条(BS)和所有脱木素竹条(DBS)的实物、横截面及纵向微观结构((a)、(f) BS的实物、横截面和纵向微观结构；(b)~(e) DBS₂、DBS₄、DBS₆、DBS₈的实物和横截面微观结构; (g)~(j) DBS₂、DBS₄、DBS₆、DBS₈的实物和纵切面的微观结构)

Figure 1. SEM micrographs of bamboo splint (BS) and all decanted bamboo strip (DBS) specimens on the cross sections and longitudinal sections((a), (f) SEM micrographs of BS on the cross sections and longitudinal sections; (b)-(e) SEM micrographs of DBS₂, DBS₄, DBS₆ and DBS₈ on the cross sections; (g)-(j) DBS₂, DBS₄, DBS₆ and DBS₈ on the longitudinal sections)

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图 2 BS和DBS的FTIR图谱

Figure 2. FTIR spectra of BS and DBS ((a) 4 000-500 cm⁻¹; (b) 2 000-1250 cm⁻¹)

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图 4 竹条/酚醛树脂复合材料(BSP)与所有DBSP样品的横截面微观结构((a)BSP的实物和微观结构; (b~(e) DBSP₂、DBSP₄、DBSP₆、DBSP₈的实物、放大400倍和放大2000倍的微观结构)

Figure 4. Microstructures of the cross section of the bamboo splint/phenolic resin composites (BSP) and DBSP specimens((a) Microstructure of the BSP specimen on the cross section; (b)-(e) Physical pictures and the microstructures of DBSP₂, DBSP₄, DBSP₆ and DBSP₈ with the magnification of 400 times and 2000 times)

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图 3 BS和DBS的XRD图谱

Figure 3. XRD patterns of BS and DBS

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图 5 BSP和所有DBSP样品的密度

Figure 5. Density changes of BSP and all DBSP specimens

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图 6 天然竹材、BSP和DBSP的力学性能

Figure 6. Mechanical properties of natural bamboo, BSP and DBSP specimens

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图 7 BSP和DBSP样品的吸水率和尺寸稳定性((a) BSP和所有DBSP的24 h吸水率；(b) BSP和所有DBSP的24 h吸水厚度膨胀率；(c) BSP和所有DBSP的24 h吸水宽度膨胀率)

Figure 7. 24 h water absorption and dimensional stability of BSP and DBSP specimens((a) 24 h water absorption of the BSP and DBSP specimens; (b) Thickness expansion rate of 24 h water absorbing of the BSP and DBSP specimens; (c) Width expansion rate of 24 h water absorbing of the BSP and DBSP specimens)

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表 1 竹纤维素纤维(DBS)和定向重组竹纤维素纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料(DBSP)的样品名称

Table 1. Directionally reconstituted bamboo cellulose fiber (DBS) and directionally reconstituted bamboo cellulose fiber/phenolic resin composites (DBSP) sample name

Deligninfication time/h	DBS	DBSP
0	—	DBSP
2	DBS₂	DBSP₂
4	DBS₄	DBSP₄
6	DBS₆	DBSP₆
8	DBS₈	DBSP₈

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 脱木素处理对竹条化学组分的影响

Table 2. Effect of delignification treatment of bamboo strips on chemical composition

Sample	Hemicellulose/wt%	Cellulose/wt%	Lignin/wt%
BS	20.56	55.85	22.27
DBS₂	16.98	70.08	11.32
DBS₄	11.33	78.47	8.28
DBS₆	10.63	85.48	1.02
DBS₈	9.16	89.66	0.05

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 BS和DBS的结晶度

Table 3. Crystallinity of BS and DBS

Sample	Relative crystallinity/%
BS	53.99
DBS₂	54.64
DBS₄	57.88
DBS₆	58.22
DBS₈	57.66

下载: 导出CSV

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