Shape memory effect of carbon fibers reinforced PEEK composite
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摘要: 为推动形状记忆聚合物在空间等极端恶劣环境中的应用,以超薄碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮(Carbon fibers reinforced polyether-ether-ketone,CF/PEEK)预浸料为实验对象,采用薄膜叠层与热压成型工艺制备厚度为0.036 mm超薄预浸料的层合片材,研究了其在热应力驱动下的形状记忆行为。结果表明,在320℃加热-冷却热循环温度场的作用下,CF/PEEK复合材料超薄层合板的初始变形的形状回复率近似可达100%,当变形循环达到100次时,其形状回复率仍然可以保持在90%以上。此外,根据层合板变形的温度与应力-应变关系,解释了CF/PEEK复合材料的热应力驱动变形机制。在此基础上,改变CF/PEEK层合板厚度进行仿真设计,实现了初始状态与深海珊瑚形状、立方体、灯笼草形状之间的变形与回复。利用记忆变形产生的机械夹紧力,完成了硬币抓取实验,验证了CF/PEEK复合材料在主动变形结构应用的可行性。Abstract: In order to improve the application of shape memory polymers in extreme harsh environments, the ultrathin carbon fibers reinforced polyether-ether-ketone (CF/PEEK) composite with 0.036 mm thickness was fabricated by overlapping and hot-pressing technologies, and the shape memory behaviors of the composite under the action of thermal stress were investigated. The results show the shape recovery rate of CF/PEEK composite ultrathin laminate is approximately 100%, and still has above 90% reversion rate after 100 times tests of thermal cycling action at 320℃. The stress-driving deformation mechanism of CF/PEEK composite is explained based on the relationship between temperature and stress-strain. The CF/PEEK composites with variable thickness were designed to simulate the deformation and recovery of complex shapes, containing deep-sea coral, cube and pitcher plant. Using mechanical clamping force during the deformation of CF/PEEK composite, the grasping coin experiment was carried out, which verifies the application feasibility for the active deformed structure of CF/PEEK composite.
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Key words:
- PEEK /
- ultrathin carbon fiber layer /
- shape memory composite /
- thermal stress /
- shape reversion rate
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图 1 纤维增强聚醚醚酮(CF/PEEK)复合材料超薄层合板试样在不同加热-冷却热循环温度场作用下的形状记忆效应(SME)示意图: (a)初始形状升温过程展开示意图;(b) 最终形状冷却过程卷曲示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of shape memory effect (SME) of carbon fibers reinforced polyether-ether-ketone (CF/PEEK) composite ultra-thin laminates under the action of different heating-cooling thermal cycling temperature field: (a) Expansion diagram of original shape specimen under heating process; (b) Curl diagram of actuated shape specimen under cooling process
图 6 3D形状记忆结构设计: (a) 0.036 mm厚度海星状试样;(b) 0.096 mm厚度十字状试样;(c) 0.156 mm厚度十字状试样;(d) 0.156 mm厚度海星状试样
Figure 6. 3D shape memory structure design: (a) Starfish sample with 0.036 mm thickness; (b) Cross sample with 0.096 mm thickness; (c) Cross sample with 0.156 mm thickness; (d) Starfish sample with 0.156 mm thickness
表 1 CF/PEEK复合材料超薄层合板试样在不同加热温度场作用下的SME相关性能参数
Table 1. SME performance parameters of CF/PEEK composite ultra-thin laminates under the action of different heating temperature fields
Simulation Heating temperature/℃ 25 180 210 240 270 300 320 Time/s 0 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20 Developed length/mm 0 1.85 3.42 7.76 9.56 13.17 15.53 Thermal stress/MPa — 2.96 1.80 1.72 1.45 1.34 1.02 Thermal strain/10−3 — 14.9 24.3 29.2 31.5 33.7 35.1 表 2 CF/PEEK复合材料超薄层合板试样在不同冷却温度场作用下的SME相关性能参数
Table 2. SME performance parameters of CF/PEEK composite ultra-thin laminates under the action of different cooling temperature fields
Simulation Cooling temperature/℃ 320 300 270 240 210 180 25 Time/s 4 3.7 3.3 2.9 2.5 2.1 0 Crimp diameter/mm $\infty$ 11.2 4.9 3.7 3.2 2.7 2.3 Thermal stress/MPa 1.02 1.34 1.45 1.72 1.80 2.96 — Thermal strain/10−3 −34.1 −32.3 −30.4 −28.4 −23.4 −14.5 — -
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