Design and properties of double shielding (B4C-W)/6061Al laminated composite board
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摘要: 基于B4C和W良好的屏蔽中子和γ射线性能，采用6061铝合金作为基体，设计了一种新型双屏蔽(B4C-W)/6061Al层状复合材料，通过放电等离子烧结后加热轧制成板材，对制备的复合材料微观组织和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明，屏蔽组元B4C和W颗粒均匀地分布在6061Al基体中，层界面、B4C/Al、W/Al异质界面之间结合良好，无空隙和裂纹。在颗粒与基体界面处形成扩散层，扩散层的厚度约为6 μm (W/Al)和4 μm (W/Al)。轧制态的(B4C-W)/6061Al层状复合板的屈服强度(109 MPa)和极限抗拉强度(245 MPa)明显优于烧结态的复合材料，但断裂韧性降低。强度提高的原因主要是轧制后颗粒的二次分布、均匀性及界面结合强度提高，基体合金的晶粒尺寸减小，位错密度增加。层状复合板的断裂方式为基体合金的韧性断裂和颗粒的脆性断裂。
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关键词:
- (B4C-W)/6061Al /
- 层状复合材料 /
- 放电等离子烧结 /
- 异质界面 /
- 断裂方式
Abstract: Based on the good shielding performance of B4C and W against neutrons and gamma rays, a new type of double shielding (B4C-W)/6061Al laminated composite was designed by using 6061 aluminum alloy as matrix. The composite was prepared by spark plasma sintering and then heated and rolled into a plate. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the prepared composite were studied. The results show that the shielding component B4C and W particles are uniformly distributed in the 6061Al matrix, and the interlayer interface, B4C/Al, and W/Al heterogeneous interface are well bonded without voids and cracks. The diffusion layers are formed at the interface between the particles and the matrix, and the thickness of the diffusion layers are about 6 μm (W/Al) and 4 μm (W/Al). The yield strength (109 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength (245 MPa) of the rolled (B4C-W)/6061Al laminated composite are significantly better than those of the sintered (B4C-W)/6061Al laminated composite, but the fracture toughness is reduced. The main reasons for the increase of strength are the secondary distribution and uniformity of particles and the interface bonding strength is increased after rolling, and the grain size of the matrix alloy decreases and the dislocation density increases. The fracture modes of the composite are ductile fracture of matrix alloy and brittle fracture of the particles.-
Key words:
- (B4C-W)/6061Al /
- laminated composite /
- spark plasma sintering /
- heterogeneous interface /
- fracture mode
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图 3 (B4C-W)/Al层状复合材料中，中子n和γ与B4C和W相互作用的示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagrams showing neutrons n and γ interactions with B4C and W in (B4C-W)/Al laminar composites
图 4 放电等离子烧结(SPS)-烧结(B4C-W)/6061Al层状复合材料示意图
Figure 4. Schematic sketch of spark plasma sintered (SPS)-sintered (B4C-W)/6061Al laminar composite
图 5 SPS-烧结(B4C-W)/6061Al层状复合材料不同层的SEM图像
Figure 5. SEM images of different layers of SPS-sintered (B4C-W)/6061Al laminar composites ((a) Type A; (b) Layer interface of type A; (c) Type B; (d) Layer interface of type B)
图 6 SPS-烧结(B4C-W)/6061Al层状复合材料试样热轧前后的SEM图像
Figure 6. SEM images of SPS-sintered (B4C-W)/6061Al laminar composite samples before and after hot rolling ((a) As SPSed B4C/Al layer; (b) As SPSed W/Al layer; (c) As rolled (B4C-W)/Al layer; (d) As rolled W/Al interface)
图 7 (B4C-W)/6061Al层状屏蔽复合材料的SEM图像和EDS能谱
Figure 7. SEM images and EDS spectrum of (B4C-W)/6061Al laminar shielding composites
图 8 颗粒与基体界面EDS能谱图
Figure 8. EDS spectrum of interface between the particles and matrix
图 9 (B4C-W)/6061Al层状复合材料室温力学性能
Figure 9. Room temperature mechanical properties of (B4C-W)/6061Al laminar composites
图 10 轧制(B4C-W)/6061Al层状复合材料拉伸试验后的断口
Figure 10. Fracture surfaces after the tensile test of as rolled (B4C-W)/6061Al laminar composites((a) B4C/6061Al layer; (b) Interface debonding; (c) W/6061Al layer; (d) Particles fracture)
表 1 6061Al合金的化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of 6061Al alloy
wt% Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn Ti Al 0.6 0.7 0.25 0.15 0.8 0.1 0.25 0.15 Rest 
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表 2 W粉的化学成分
Table 2. Chemical composition of W powder
wt% Al C Cd Co Cr Cu W 0.001 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.003 Rest
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表 3 B4C的化学成分
Table 3. Chemical composition of B4C
wt% B C Ca Fe Si F Cl 80.0 18.1 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.025 0.075
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