CFRP复杂几何结构区相控阵超声检测建模与声传播规律

罗忠兵; 张松; 钱恒奎; 曹欢庆; 苏慧敏; 林莉

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20201016.003

CFRP复杂几何结构区相控阵超声检测建模与声传播规律

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20201016.003

大连理工大学　无损检测研究所，大连 116024

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划(2014CB046505)；大连市高层次人才创新支持计划(青年科技之星)(2018RQ40)；辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC1902082)

详细信息

通讯作者:
罗忠兵，博士，副教授，博士生导师，研究方向为材料无损检测与评价　 E-mail：zhbluo@dlut.edu.cn

中图分类号: V258; TB55
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-03
- 录用日期: 2020-10-12
- 网络出版日期: 2020-10-16
- 刊出日期: 2021-11-01

Modelling and wave propagation behavior of phased array ultrasonic testing on carbon fiber reinforced plastics components with complex geometry

NDT & E Laboratory, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China

摘要

摘要: 为厘清碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(Carbon fiber reinforced plastics，CFRP)复杂几何构件相控阵超声检测中声传播规律，围绕CFRP材料R区开展了弹性特性表征、有限元建模、声场计算及实验验证工作。基于超声液浸背反射法和模拟退火算法求解了CFRP单向板刚度矩阵反问题，并借助Bond变换实现了R区弹性特性的定量描述。结合微观组织分析等获取材料、几何特征，建立了虑及曲面形状、叠层、弹性各向异性的R区相控阵超声检测有限元模型，计算了R区相控阵超声检测A、B扫描信号，发现存在结构噪声和缺陷伪像。在此基础上研究CFRP材料R区瞬态声场并与CFRP平板、弹性各向同性R区和0°单向板R区情况对比，阐明了结构噪声和缺陷伪像的形成机制：弹性各向异性叠层结构导致倾斜入射的超声波发生反射和折射，与沿肋板传播的快速波混叠在R区形成结构噪声，同时多向板R区两侧肋板反射导致缺陷伪像，即材料弹性各向异性与构件曲面叠层结构耦合共同影响缺陷的精准辨识。
- CFRP /
- R区 /
- 相控阵超声 /
- 有限元模拟 /
- 声传播
Abstract: To clarify the wave propagation behavior in the radii of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) components with complex geometry, the elastic property characterization, finite element modeling, wave field calculation and experimental verification were carried out for phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT). Based on a back-reflection ultrasonic immersion method and a simulated annealing algorithm, the stiffness matrix of a unidirectional CFRP plate was inversely solved, and the elastic property in the radii was described quantitatively by Bond transformation. The material and geometric characteristics of the radii for multidirectional laminates were analyzed, and a finite element model of PAUT was proposed by considering the curved surface, layered structure and elastic anisotropy simultaneously. Furthermore, the A-scan and B-scan of PAUT were calculated and compared with the experimental results. A certain degree of structural noise is observed between surface echo and defect echo, and there are strong pseudo defects on the left and right sides. The transient wave field was compared with those in a CFRP plate, a unidirectional CFRP radii and an elastically isotropic radii. It is found that the coupling of the elastic anisotropy and the curved laminated structure are the main reasons for the above phenomena. When an ultrasonic wave is incident obliquely into the radii part, the mismatched acoustic properties of different layers result in the structural noise. When the wave runs into the ribbed plate, the echo is received by the probe after twice reflections and forms an image of the pseudo defects. The refraction part propagates along with the fiber rapidly into the radii, overlapping with the defect echo, and directly contributes to the structural noise. It is indicated that the high-quality reorganization of the defects in CFRP radii has been influenced by the coupling of the material and geometric factors.
- CFRP /
- radii /
- phased array ultrasonic /
- finite element modelling /
- wave propagation

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图 1 碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)层板结构示意图：(a) 单向平板；(b) 多向平板；(c) 多向板R区

Figure 1. Diagram of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) laminates: (a) Unidirectional plate; (b) Multidirectional plate; (c) Multidirectional radii

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图 2 超声液浸背反射法测试平台：(a) 超声C扫描系统；(b) 测角装置

Figure 2. Ultrasonic back reflection method: (a) Ultrasonic C scan system; (b) Angle measuring device

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图 3 CFRP单向板yoz面和xoz面内声速随入射角度变化

Figure 3. Phase velocity of unidirectional CFRP plate versus incident angle in yoz and xoz planes

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图 4 模拟退火算法反演弹性常数流程图

Figure 4. Flow chart of simulated annealing algorithm for elastic constants inversion

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图 5 CFRP材料T型试样：(a) 试样；(b) 金相照片(20×)

Figure 5. T shaped CFRP specimen: (a) Specimen; (b) Metallograph (20×)

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图 6 CFRP材料R区相控阵超声检测(PAUT)模型

Figure 6. Phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) model of CFRP radii

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图 7 实验设备：(a) M2M Multi 2000 相控阵超声系统；(b) 相控阵探头；(c) 探头保持架

Figure 7. Experimental equipments: (a) M2M Multi 2000 PAUT system; (b) PAUT probe; (c) Probe holder

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图 8 相控阵超声探头16号阵元在CFRP材料R区A扫描信号比较：(a) 模拟；(b) 实验

Figure 8. Comparison for A-scan signal of 16th element in PAUT on CFRP radii: (a) Simulation; (b) Experiment

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图 9 相控阵超声检测CFRP材料R区B扫描图像：(a) 模拟；(b) 实验

Figure 9. B-scan image of PAUT on CFRP radii: (a) Simulation; (b) Experiment

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图 10 相控阵超声检测模型：(a) CFRP平板；(b) 弹性各向同性R区；(c) 0°单向板R区

Figure 10. PAUT model: (a) CFRP plate; (b) Elastically isotropic radii; (c) 0°unidirectional radii

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图 11 相控阵超声第16阵元A扫描信号：(a) CFRP平板；(b) 弹性各向同性R区；(c) 0°单向板R区

Figure 11. A-scan signal of 16th element of PAUT: (a) CFRP plate; (b) Elastically isotropic radii; (c) 0° unidirectional radii

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图 12 相控阵超声检测B扫描图像：(a) CFRP平板；(b) 弹性各向同性R区；(c) 0°单向板R区

Figure 12. B-scan image of PAUT: (a) CFRP plate; (b) Elastically isotropic radii; (c) 0°unidirectional radii

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图 13 瞬态声场分布：(a) CFRP平板；(b) 弹性各向同性R区；(c) 0°单向板R区；(d) 多向板R区

Figure 13. Transient wave field: (a) CFRP plate; (b) Elastically isotropic radii; (c) 0° unidirectional radii; (d) Multidirectional radii

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