Mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of the 3D angle interlocking woven reinforced aluminum matrix composites under in-plane tensile loading
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摘要: 针对真空压力浸渗法制备的三维角联锁机织铝基复合材料,采用细观力学有限元模拟与试验结合的方法研究了其面内拉伸变形损伤与断裂力学行为。结果表明:复合材料拉伸应力-应变曲线的计算与试验结果吻合较好,经(纬)向拉伸初始弹性模量、极限强度和断裂应变的计算误差分别为3.96%(1.11%)、1.40%(6.86%)和−5.49%(3.73%);经向拉伸载荷作用下,经纱界面及其邻近基体合金先后发生损伤,随拉伸应变增加损伤累积和交互作用依次引发界面、基体和纬纱失效,变形后期经纱的断裂最终导致复合材料经向拉伸失效;纬向拉伸变形前期,经纱界面和经纬纱之间薄弱的基体合金相继产生损伤和失效现象,经纱在变形中期即出现横向破坏,起主要承载作用的纬纱轴向断裂是纬向拉伸的主要失效机制,由于三维角联锁机织体中纬纱体分远低于经纱,复合材料纬向拉伸模量和强度分别仅为经向的81.8%和56.5%。Abstract: 3D angle interlocking fabric reinforced aluminum composites were prepared by the vacuum assisted pressure infiltration method. The mechanical properties and damage behavior of the composites subjected to in-plane tensile loading were investigated using the micromechanical finite element simulation and experimental method. The results show that the tensile stress-strain curve from simulation is in agreement with the testing curves, where the calculation errors of the initial modulus, ultimate strength and fracture strain in warp (weft) direction are 3.96%(1.11%), 1.40%(6.86%) and −5.49%(3.73%), respectively. Under the warp directional tension condition, the interface on warp yarns and the adjoint matrix alloy damage successively. With the increase of tensile strain, these damage zones accumulate and interact with each other, leading to the failure of interface, matrix and weft yarns in sequence. The fracture of warp yarns in the terminate stage induces the ultimate failure of the composites. During the weft directional tensile process, the interface on warp yarns and the thin matrix alloy between yarns damage and fail firstly. The transverse fracture of warp yarns occurs in the middle stage of tensile deformation. The axial fracture of weft yarns, which sustain the loading stress at the end of deformation process, is the main failure mechanism of the composites under weft directional tensile condition. The tensile modulus and strength in weft direction are 81.8% and 56.5% times than those in warp direction, owing to the lower volume fraction of weft yarns in the 3D angle interlocking fabric.
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表 1 三维角联锁机织体结构参数
Table 1. Structural parameters of the 3D angle interlocking woven fabric
Fabric thickness/mm Yarn specification Warp density/(yarns·(10 mm)−1) Weft density/(yarns·(10 mm)−1) Fiber content/vol% 4.0 195Tex×2 8.0 4.0 42 表 2 三维角联锁CF/Al复合材料纱线束弹性性能参数
Table 2. Elastic constant parameters of the yarns in 3D angle interlocking woven CF/Al composite
$ {E}_{11} $/MPa $ {E}_{22} $/MPa $ {G}_{12} $/MPa $ {G}_{23} $/MPa $ {\nu }_{12} $ $ {\nu }_{23} $ 302700 23500 14700 10000 0.28 0.41 Notes: $ {E}_{11} $—Elastic modulus in axial direction; $ {E}_{22} $—Elastic modulus in transverse direction; $ {G}_{12} $—Longitudinal shear modulus; $ {G}_{23} $—Transverse shear modulus; $ {\nu }_{12} $—Axial Poisson's ratio; $ {\nu }_{23} $—Transverse Poisson's ratio. 表 3 三维角联锁CF/Al复合材料纱线束极限强度性能参数
Table 3. Strength parameters of the yarns in 3D angle interlocking woven CF/Al composite
$ {X}_{\rm{t}} $/MPa $ {X}_{\rm{c}} $/MPa $ {Y}_{\rm{t}} $/MPa $ {Y}_{\rm{c}} $/MPa ${S}_{\!{12}}$/MPa ${S}_{\!{23}}$/MPa 1350 660 26.8 102.4 82.7 13.6 Notes: $ {X}_{\rm{t}} $—Tensile strength in axial direction; $ {X}_{\rm{c}} $—Compressive strength in axial direction; $ {Y}_{\rm{t}} $—Tensile strength in transverse direction; $ {Y}_{\rm{c}} $—Compressive strength in transverse direction; ${S}_{\!{12}}$—Longitudinal shear strength; ${S}_{\!{23}}$—Transverse shear strength. 表 4 三维角联锁CF/Al复合材料基体合金的弹塑性力学性能参数
Table 4. Elastoplastic properties of the matrix alloy in 3D angle interlocking woven CF/Al composite
$ {E}_{\rm{m}} $/MPa $ {\nu }_{\rm{m}} $ $ {\sigma }_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{y}} $/MPa $ {\sigma }_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{u}} $/MPa $ {\varepsilon }_{0}^{\rm{Pl}} $ $ {\varepsilon }_{f}^{\rm{Pl}} $ 79700 0.33 100.0 159.1 0.15 0.75 Notes: $ {E}_{\rm{m}} $—Young's modulus; $ {\nu }_{\rm{m}} $—Poisson’s ratio; $ {\sigma }_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{y}} $—Yield strength; $ {\sigma }_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{u}} $—Ultimate strength; $ {\varepsilon }_{0}^{\rm{Pl}} $—Critical strain for damage initiation; $ {\varepsilon }_{f}^{\rm{Pl}} $—Critical strain for failure. 表 5 三维角联锁CF/Al复合材料基体合金/纱线束界面结合性能参数
Table 5. Interfacial bonding properties between matrix alloy and yarns in 3D angle interlocking woven CF/Al composite
$ {t}_{\rm{n}}^{0} $/MPa $ {t}_{\rm{s}}^{0} $/MPa $ {t}_{\rm{t}}^{0} $/MPa $ {\bar {\delta }}^{0} $/10−6 m $ {\bar {\delta }}^{\rm{f}} $/10−6 m 16.0 9.5 9.5 0.08 0.72 Notes: $ {t}_{\rm{n}}^{0} $—Peak stress purely normal to interface; $ {t}_{\rm{s}}^{0} $—Peak stress in the first shear direction; $ {t}_{\rm{t}}^{0} $—Peak stress in the second shear direction; $ {\bar {\delta }}^{0} $—Critical separation displacement for damage initiation; $ {\bar {\delta }}^{\rm{f}} $—Critical separation displacement for failure. 表 6 三维角联锁CF/Al复合材料经向和纬向拉伸力学性能模拟与试验结果
Table 6. Testing and simulating results of the mechanical properties of 3D angle interlocking woven CF/Al composite at warp and weft direction
Result Warp direction tension Weft direction tension Initial modulus/GPa Tensile strength/MPa Fracture strain/% Initial modulus/MPa Tensile strength/MPa Fracture strain/% Testing 70.29±0.86 391.59±5.55 0.91±0.05 57.52±2.62 221.08±16.6 0.68±0.01 Simulating 73.07 397.06 0.86 58.16 236.24 0.7086 Error/% 3.96 1.40 −5.49 1.11 6.86 3.73 -
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