Effects of hot stamp forming process parameters on quality of the hat-shaped structure preforms of composites
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摘要: 本文采用热模压预成装置将碳纤维单向预浸料层板制备成帽型结构长桁预成型体，通过对不同工艺条件下制备的帽型长桁预成型体的表观质量、厚度和纤维偏转角度进行检测，考察和分析了成型温度和速度对预成型体质量的影响规律。当成型温度较低时，由于树脂的黏度较高，预浸料层间摩擦力较大。预成型体表面出现褶皱现象，并且纤维由于受到层间剪切的作用而出现角度偏转。当成型温度较高时，树脂受到压力作用更易流动。这不仅降低了预成型体的厚度，同时也减弱了树脂束缚纤维的能力，使纤维偏转角度增加。而当成型速度增加时，预浸料层间的摩擦力使纤维的偏转角度增大。因此在预成型过程中，为了提高预成型质量，工艺温度和成型速度应控制在一定范围内。Abstract: In this paper, the hat-shaped structure preforms of carbon fiber unidirectional prepreg laminate were pre-formed with the hot stamp forming device. The effects of temperature and forming speed were investigated by measuring the apparent mass, thickness and fiber deflection angle of preforms. A relatively great friction force between prepreg layers is observed at low temperatures due to the low viscosity of the resin, which causes the wrinkle on the surface of hat-shaped structure preforms and angle deflection of fiber by the inter-ply shearing. At high temperature, the fluidity of the resin is enhanced under the pressure. Not only the thickness of preforms are reduced, but also the deflection angle of fiber is increased due to the ability of resin to bind the fiber being diminished. As the increase of forming speed, the deflection angle of the fiber shows an increasing trend. Therefore, the temperature and forming speed must be controlled to improve the preforming quality.
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Key words:
- preforms of composites /
- hat-shaped stringers /
- prepreg /
- forming quality /
- fiber deflection
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图 1 热模压预成型装置 (a) 及帽型长桁成型模具 (b)
Figure 1. Device of hot stamp forming (a) and forming mold of hat-shaped structure preforms (b)
图 3 热模压预成型过程(A-B: 压边条; C: 冲头; D: 活动芯模)
Figure 3. Process of hot stamp forimg (A-B: Blank holder; C: Punch; D: Activity core)
图 4 预成型体厚度检测位置 (a)、预成型体纤维偏转金相检测位置 (b) 及预成型体R角厚度金相检测位置 (c)
Figure 4. Thickness detection positions of preforms (a), fiber deflection angle detection positions of preforms (b) and fillet’s thickness detection positions of preforms (c)
图 7 不同成型温度下的帽型长桁预成型体的表观形貌
Figure 7. Apparent morphologies of preforms with the hat-shaped structure at different temperatures
图 8 帽型长桁预成型体典型的缺陷((a)褶皱；(b)树脂分布不均)
Figure 8. Typical defects of preforms with the hat-shaped structure ((a) Wrinkle; (b) Resin starvation defect)
图 9 不同成型温度下的帽型长桁预成型体的各位置的厚度
Figure 9. Thickness of preforms with the hat-shaped structure at different temperatures
图 10 不同成型温度下帽型长桁预成型体45°铺层纤维的偏转角度
Figure 10. 45° fiber’s deflection angles of preforms with the hat-shaped structure at different forming temperatures
图 11 不同成型速度下的帽型长桁预成型体的表观形貌
Figure 11. Apparent mass of preforms with the hat-shaped structure in different forming speed
图 12 不同成型速度下的帽型长桁预成型体的各位置的厚度
Figure 12. Thickness of preforms with the hat-shaped structure in different forming speeds
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