Axial compression performance of pultruded GFRP tube based on casing buckling restraint
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摘要: 为解决复合材料空间桁架结构部分关键压杆失稳引发的连续性倒塌问题，提出了一种由不锈钢套管及螺栓连接系组成的玻璃纤维增强树脂复合材料(GFRP)管整体失稳套管屈曲约束装置。为分析该套管屈曲约束装置对拉挤型GFRP管轴压性能的影响，对3个GFRP管试件和4个套管屈曲约束GFRP管试件进行了轴压试验，观察了试件的受力过程和破坏形态，获得了荷载-位移曲线和荷载-应变曲线，对比研究了两者的极限承载力和破坏模式，同时利用有限元模型分析了不同内核长细比、内核与套管间隙及套管壁厚对GFRP管轴压性能的影响。结果表明：该套管屈曲约束装置能有效约束GFRP管整体失稳变形，其极限承载力和延性均得到提升，并使GFRP管从失稳破坏向材料强度破坏发展；内核长细比越大，套管屈曲约束GFRP管极限承载力相比于内核失稳临界荷载的相对提升幅值越高，约束效果越好；内核与套管间隙越大，GFRP管延性越好，但其极限承载力会降低；套管壁厚过薄会降低GFRP管极限承载力，过厚则约束效果不明显。Abstract: In order to solve the problem of continuous collapse caused by the instability of the key compression struts in fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) space truss structure, a casing buckling restrained brace for the overall instability of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) tubes composed of stainless steel casing and bolt connection system was proposed. In order to analyze the influence of the casing buckling restrained brace on the axial compression performance of pultruded GFRP tubes, axial compression tests were carried out on three GFRP tube specimens and four GFRP tube specimens with casing buckling-restrained brace. The loading course and failure form of specimens were observed, and the load-displacement curves and load-strain curves were obtained, and the ultimate bearing capacity and failure mode were compared. At the same time, the finite element model was used to analyze the influence of different slenderness ratios of GFRP tubes, core and casing gaps and casing thicknesses on the axial compression performance of GFRP tubes. The results show that: the casing buckling restrained brace can effectively restrain the overall instability deformation of GFRP tubes, its ultimate bearing capacity and ductility are improved, and the GFRP tubes develop from instability failure to material strength failure; the larger the slenderness ratio of the core, the higher the ultimate bearing capacity of the GFRP tubes due to buckling of the casing compared with the critical load of the core instability, and the better the restraint effect; the greater the gap between the inner core and the casing, the better the ductility of the GFRP tube, but its ultimate bearing capacity will be reduced; too thin casing thickness will reduce the ultimate bearing capacity of GFRP tubes, but too thick will have no obvious restraint effect.
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图 2 GFRP管轴压试验加载装置及测点布置
Figure 2. Loading device and measuring-point arrangement for axial compression test of GFRP tubes
S1-S4—Number of strain gages; D1, D2—Number of displacement meter
图 3 带套管屈曲约束装置GFRP管轴压试验加载装置及测点布置
Figure 3. Loading device and measuring-point arrangement for axial compression test of GFRP tubes with BRB
S1-S8—Number of strain gages
图 4 GFRP管轴压试验过程与破坏形态
Figure 4. Process and failure form of GFRP tubes axial compression test
图 5 轴压下GFRP管荷载-位移曲线
Figure 5. Load-displacement curves of GFRP tubes under axial compression
图 6 轴压下GFRP管荷载-轴向应变曲线
Figure 6. Load-axial strain curves of GFRP tubes under axial compression
图 7 带套管屈曲约束装置GFRP管轴压试验过程
Figure 7. Process of axial compression test of GFRP tubes with casing buckling restraint device
图 8 轴压下带套管屈曲约束装置GFRP管荷载-轴向位移曲线
Figure 8. Load-axial displacement curves of GFRP tubes with BRB under axial compression
图 10 轴压下套管屈曲约束GFRP管的荷载-轴向应变曲线
Figure 10. Load-axial strain curves of GFRP tubes with BRB under axial compression
图 11 套管屈曲约束装置有限元模型(FEM)
Figure 11. Finite element model (FEM) of casing buckling restrained brace
图 12 套管屈曲约束装置试验与FEM荷载-轴向位移曲线对比
Figure 12. Comparison on load-axial displacement curves between the test of casing buckling restrained brace and FEM
图 13 有限元模型中L-B试件的GFRP管轴向应力发展情况(MPa)
Figure 13. Axial stress development of GFRP tube of L-B specimen in finite element model (MPa)
图 14 FEM中S-B试件套管屈曲约束装置失效后套管及GFRP管的变形云图 (mm) ((a),(b)) 和应力云图 (MPa)((c),(d))
Figure 14. Deformation nephogram (mm) ((a),(b)) and stress nephogram (MPa) ((c),(d)) of casings and GFRP tubes of S-B specimen after failure of BRB in FEM
图 16 S-B试件FEM中考虑不同长细比的屈曲约束装置在轴压下的荷载-轴向位移曲线
Figure 16. Load-axial displacement curves of BRB under axial pressure with different slenderness ratios considered in FEM of S-B specimens
图 17 S-B试件FEM中考虑不同间隙的屈曲约束装置在轴压下的荷载-轴向位移曲线
Figure 17. Load-axial displacement curves of BRB under axial pressure with different gaps considered in FEM of S-B specimens
图 18 S-B试件FEM中考虑不同套管壁厚的屈曲约束装置在轴压下的荷载-轴向位移曲线
Figure 18. Load-axial displacement curves of BRB under axial pressure with different thicknesses considered in FEM of S-B specimens
表 1 玻璃纤维增强树脂复合材料(GFRP)、铝合金及不锈钢的材料力学参数
Table 1. Mechanical parameters of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), aluminum alloy and stainless steel
Material Elastic modulus/GPa Poisson’s ratio GFRP ${E_1} = 63.0$, ${E_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{ = }}{E_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{ = 14}}{\rm{.2}}$, ${G_{{\rm{12}}}}{\rm{ = }}{G_{{\rm{13}}}}{\rm{ = 13}}{\rm{.0}}$, ${G_{{\rm{23}}}}{\rm{ = 9}}{\rm{.4}}$ ${v_{12}} = {v_{13}} = 0.25$, ${v_{23}} = 0.27$ Al alloy ${E_{{\rm{Al}}}}{\rm{ = 65}}{\rm{.0}}$ ${v_{{\rm{Al}}}} = 0.{\rm{3}}$ Stainless steel ${E_{{\rm{SS}}}}{\rm{ = 200}}{\rm{.0}}$ ${v_{{\rm{SS}}}} = 0.{\rm{3}}$ Notes: ${E_{\rm{1}}}$—Elastic modulus of 1-axis; ${E_{\rm{2}}}$—Elastic modulus of 2-axis; ${E_{\rm{3}}}$—Elastic modulus of 3-axis; ${G_{{\rm{12}}}}$—Shear modulus of plane 12; ${G_{{\rm{13}}}}$—Shear modulus of plane 13; ${G_{{\rm{23}}}}$—Shear modulus of plane 23; ${v_{12}},{v_{13}}$—Major Poisson’s ratio; ${v_{23}}$—Minor Poisson’s ratio; ${E_{{\rm{Al}}}}$—Elastic modulus of Al alloy; ${v_{{\rm{Al}}}}$—Poisson’s ratio of Al alloy; ${E_{{\rm{SS}}}}$—Elastic modulus of stainless steel; ${v_{{\rm{SS}}}}$—Poisson’s ratio of stainless steel. 
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表 2 GFRP管及带套管屈曲约束装置(BRB)管试件的编号及尺寸
Table 2. Number and size of GFRP and buckling restrained brace (BRB) tubes
mm Number Outer sleeve GFRP tube DO L T DO L T GFRP1 — — — 60 1000 6 GFRP2 GFRP3 L-B-1 120 984 4 60 1000 6 L-B-2 S-B-1 108 S-B-2 Notes: L—Length; DO—Outer diameter; T—Thickness; L-B—Large gap BRB; S-B—Small gap BRB.
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表 3 GFRP管与带屈曲约束装置GFRP管轴压试验结果对比
Table 3. Comparison of the axial compression test results between GFRP tubes and GFRP tubes with BRB
Specimen Ultimate load/kN Average load/kN Increase coefficient/% Variation/% Failure mode GFRP1 133.7 137.7 — 1.85 Buckling failure GFRP2 138.9 GFRP3 140.6 S-B-1 247.4 247.4 79.66 0.02 Strength failure S-B-2 247.3 L-B-1 212.9 212.8 54.54 0.05 L-B-2 212.6
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