Influence of thermo-oxidative aging on the mechanical performance of three-dimensional braided carbon fiber-glass fiber/bismaleimide composites
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摘要: 研究了三维编织碳纤维-玻璃纤维/双马来酰亚胺树脂复合材料和层合碳纤维-玻璃纤维/双马来酰亚胺树脂复合材料在200℃和250℃分别老化10、30、90、120和180天后的弯曲和剪切性能的变化。结果显示热氧环境下，纤维/双马来酰亚胺树脂基体界面性能随着老化时间的延长而显著下降，且编织复合材料老化后的弯曲和剪切性能保留率大于层合复合材料。这是由于编织复合材料中沿厚度方向的Z向纱将所有纱线捆绑为一个整体结构抵抗外力，且在热氧老化造成复合材料之间产生裂纹时，Z向纱的存在可以阻挡裂纹的扩展，减缓材料的老化速率。这说明与层合复合材料相比，编织复合材料的整体结构能够起到补偿由热氧老化导致的力学性能下降的作用。Abstract: The bending and shear properties of the three-dimensional braided carbon fiber-glass fiber/bismaleimide composite and the laminated carbon fiber-glass fiber/bismaleimide composite were investigated aging at 200℃ and 250℃ for 10, 30, 90, 120, and 180 days, respectively. The results show that the interfacial performance of the fiber/matrix decreases significantly with the prolonged aging time in a hot oxygen environment, and the bending and shear retention rates of braided composite are better than the laminated composite. This is because Z-binder yarns in the thickness direction of braided composite bundle all yarns into an integral structure to resist external load, and the existence of Z-binder yarns can prevent the expansion of cracks and slow down the aging rate of composites when cracks occur between composites due to thermal-oxidative aging. This means that the integrated structure of braided composite can compensate the mechanical performance degradation caused by hot oxygen aging compared with the laminated composite.
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图 1 编织织物 (a) 和层合织物 (b) 的结构示意图
Figure 1. Schematics of the braided fabric (a) and the laminated fabric (b)
E-GF—E-glass fiber
图 2 双切口剪切试样尺寸图 (a) 与测试夹具图 (b)
Figure 2. Size fabric picture (a) and test fixture picture (b) of the double-notch shear sample
图 3 双马来酰亚胺树脂(BMI)在200℃ (a) 和250℃ (b) 下老化不同时间前后的FTIR图谱
Figure 3. FTIR spectra of the bismaleimide (BMI) at 200℃ (a) and 250℃ (b) for different aging time
图 4 200℃和250℃下老化前后BMI试样表面C (a)、O (b) 相对含量及O/C (c) 的值
Figure 4. Change of C relative content (a), O relative content (b), and the value of O/C (c) of the BMI sample surface at 200℃ and 250℃ for different aging time
图 5 三维编织CF-GF/BMI复合材料在250℃老化不同时间表面的显微照片和实时深度复合图像
Figure 5. Micrographs and real-time depth composite images on the surface of the braided CF-GF/BMI composite at 250℃ for different aging time
图 6 CF-GF/BMI复合材料试样在250℃老化前后的侧面的显微照片
Figure 6. Photomicrographs of cross-section of the CF-GF/BMI composite sample before and after aging at 250℃((a), (b) Laminated composite; (c), (d) Braided composite; (e), (f) Zoom on cracks corresponding to (d))
图 7 编织复合材料在250℃老化不同时间的SEM图像
Figure 7. SEM images taken from the braided composite at 250℃ for different aging time
图 8 层合复合材料和编织复合材料老化后失重率与老化时间的关系
Figure 8. Relationship between weight loss rate and aging time of laminated composite and braided composites
图 9 编织复合材料 (a) 和层合复合材料 (b) 在200℃和250℃老化不同时间前后的弯曲载荷-位移曲线
Figure 9. Bending load-displacement curves of the braided composites (a) and laminated composites (b) at 200℃ and 250℃ for different aging time
图 10 CF-GF/BMI复合材料弯曲试样在250℃条件下老化前后的沿长度方向的破坏形貌
Figure 10. Fracture morphologies of the bending CF-GF/BMI composite samples along the length direction before and after aging at 250℃((a) Unaged laminated composite; (b) Aged laminated composite; (c) Unaged braided composite; (d) Aged braided composite)
图 11 两种复合材料在200℃和250℃老化不同时间的弯曲强度 (a) 和弯曲强度保留率 (b)
Figure 11. Bending strength (a) and bending strength retention rate (b) of two composites aged at 200℃ and 250℃ for different times
图 12 编织复合材料 (a) 和层合复合材料 (b) 在200℃和250℃老化不同时间后的剪切载荷-位移曲线
Figure 12. Shear load-displacement curves of the braided composite (a) and laminated composite (b) at 200℃ and 250℃ for different aging time
图 13 编织复合材料 (a) 和层合复合材料 (c) 未老化试样的双切口剪切破坏后的断裂形貌 ((b)和(d)分别为(a)和(c)对应的放大图)
Figure 13. Fracture morphologies of braided composite (a) and laminated composite (c) after double-notch shear failure of unaged specimens ((b), (d) are enlarged images corresponding to (a) and (c), respectively)
图 14 两种复合材料在200℃和250℃老化不同时间的剪切强度 (a) 和剪切强度保留率 (b)
Figure 14. Shear strength (a) and shear strength retention rate (b) of two composites aged at 200℃ and 250℃ for different time
表 1 组成材料的性能参数
Table 1. Properties of constituent materials
Material Type Tensile strength/MPa Tensile modulus/GPa Elongation at break/% Density/(g·cm−3) Carbon fiber T700 4 900 240 2.1 1.80 Glass fiber E 3 430 73 4.8 2.54 Bismaleimide BH301 92 4.5 2.4 1.25 
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表 2 三维编织碳纤维(CF)-玻璃纤维(GF)混杂织物和层合CF-GF混杂织物的织造工艺参数
Table 2. Technological parameters of the three-dimensional braided carbon fiber(CF)-glass fibers (GF) hybrid fabric and the laminated CF-GF hybrid fabric
Reinforced
structureYarns liner density/tex Preformed unit density/(yarn·cm−1) Layers Fiber volume
fraction/vol%0°/90° ±45° Z-binder yarns 0°/90° ±45° Z-binder yarns Braided fabric 800 400×2 400 5 6 5 8 47.74±1.16 Laminated fabric 800 400×2 — 6 6 — 8 46.23±1.42
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表 3 老化BMI的红外特征峰位置对照
Table 3. Comparison of infrared characteristic peak position of aged BMI
Wavenumber/cm−1 Characteristic peak Functional group 2922 Asymmetric CH2 —CH2— 2851 Symmetric CH3 —CH3— 1710 Asymmetric imides —C=O— 1602 Combined production of C=C and C=O —C=C–C=O 1510 C—C of the benzene ring —C—C— 1365 Aliphatic groups and imines CH, CH2, CH3 1180 Generated by C=C C—N—C 1098 Succinimide or ether —C—O—C— 934 Maleimide deformation C=C
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