Ballistic performance of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber/waterborne polyurethane composite laminate against mild-steel core projectile and its damage mechanism
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摘要: 选用碳纳米粒子(CNPs)原位改性和未改性的超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维作为增强纤维,水性聚氨酯(WPU)作为树脂基体,采用缠绕-复合-热压工艺制备单向(UD)正交结构的UHMWPE纤维/WPU复合材料层压板。基于X射线计算机断层扫描(CT)技术,研究UHMWPE纤维/WPU复合材料层压板在7.62 mm×39 mm软钢芯弹以弹速为(720±10) m/s侵彻下的弹道响应。结果表明,UHMWPE纤维的CNPs原位改性提高了CNPs-UHMWPE纤维/WPU复合材料层压板抗单发侵彻性能,但会降低其抗多发打击的能力。对于未被穿透的层压板,其被侵彻过程可分为三个阶段,依次为剪切冲塞、断裂破坏和剩余子层的塑性变形,且每个阶段的厚度比依次为11.51%、44.40%和44.09%;层压板的分层响应主要发生在第二阶段,并集中在弹着点附近;每发弹丸侵彻导致层压板的破坏区域包含在以弹着点为圆心、直径约为70 mm的圆内。
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关键词:
- 超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维 /
- 软钢芯弹 /
- CT分析 /
- 损伤机制 /
- 分层机制
Abstract: Two kinds of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber, pristine and in-situ modified by carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), were used to prepare cross-ply unidirectional UHMWPE fiber/waterborne polyurethane (WPU) composite laminates by special process (winding, compound, and hot-pressing). The UHMWPE fiber/WPU composite laminates were impacted by mild-steel core projectile with size of 7.62 mm×39 mm at impacting velocity of (720±10) m/s. The ballistic behavior of UHMWPE fiber/WPU composite laminate was investigated by the X-ray computed tomography (CT) technology. The results show that the CNPs in-situ modification of CNPs-UHMWPE fiber may improve the single anti-penetration of its laminate, and this method may diminish the ability of resisting multiple strikes of its laminate. In addition, the penetration process of UHMWPE fiber/WPU composite laminate will be divided into three stages in a non-penetrating event: Shear plug, fracture failure and plastic deformation of the remaining sub-laminate. Moreover, the thickness ratios of every stages are about 11.51%, 44.40% and 44.09%, respectively. The delamination behavior of post-impact laminate is mainly distributed in the second stage, and approaches the impact point. Furthermore, the damage area of each projectile to the laminate may be contained in a circle with the impact point as the center and the dimeter of 70 mm. -
图 2 实验路线示意图: (a) UHMWPE纤维/水性聚氨酯(WPU)复合材料层压板制备工艺; (b) 弹道测试用装置; (c) CT扫描用装置;(d) 弹道侵彻后的层压板和弹丸形貌
Figure 2. Schematic of experimental route: (a) Preparation diagram of UHMWPE fiber/waterborne polyurethane (WPU) composite laminate; (b) Illustration of ballistic test setup; (c) Illustration of CT-scan setup; (d) Morphologies of post-impact laminate and post-impact projectile
图 6 弹道侵彻UHMWPE纤维/WPU复合材料层压板沿厚度方向的X射线内表面形貌演变(与防弹面不同距离的层压板内表面): (a) 1.01 mm;(b) 3.03 mm; (c) 6.06 mm; (d) 7.21 mm; (e) 8.08 mm; (f) 11.11 mm; (g) 14.28 mm; (h) 17.31 mm; (i) 20.49 mm; (j) 23.37 mm; (k) 26.40 mm; (l) 32.17 mm
Figure 6. X-ray surface morphology evolution of post-impact UHMWPE fiber/WPU composite laminate along the thickness direction (Internal surface of laminates away from strike surface): (a) 1.01 mm; (b) 3.03 mm; (c) 6.06 mm; (d) 7.21 mm; (e) 8.08 mm; (f) 11.11 mm; (g) 14.28 mm; (h) 17.31 mm; (i) 20.49 mm; (j) 23.37 mm; (k) 26.40 mm; (l) 32.17 mm
图 8 弹道侵彻后UHMWPE纤维/WPU复合材料层压板的弹孔剖面形貌: (a)第3发弹孔剖面的3D示意图; (b)沿纤维0°方向的第3发弹孔剖面;(c)沿纤维90°方向的第3发弹孔剖面; (d)第4、5、6发分别沿纤维90°、90°、0°方向的弹孔剖面形貌
Figure 8. Bullet-hole profile morphologies of post-impact UHMWPE fiber/WPU composite laminate: (a) 3D diagram of 3rd bullet-hole profile morphology; (b) 3rd bullet-hole profile morphology along 0° of fiber; (c) 3rd bullet-hole profile morphology along 90° of fiber; (d) Bullet-hole profile morphology of 4th, 5th, and 6th along 90°, 90°, 0° of fiber, respectively
表 1 实验用超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维的物理性能
Table 1. Physical properties of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber used in experiment
Type of fiber Liner
density/DRoot
number/(-)Longitudinal tensile mechanical properties
(Before experiment/After experiment)us Strength/(cN·dtex−1) Modulus/(cN·dtex−1) Elongation/% UHMWPE fiber 741 240f 37.80/38.77 1138/1126 2.69/2.78 0.0976 CNPs-UHMWPE fiber 733 240f 37.79/38.66 1178/1191 2.61/2.74 0.1187 Notes: us—Surface sliding friction coefficient of UHMWPE fiber; CNPs—Carbon nanoparticles. 表 2 实验用UHMWPE纤维/WPU复合材料片材及其层压板的规格参数
Table 2. Specifications of sheet and its laminate of UHMWPE fiber/WPU composite in experiment
Reinforced fiber Sheet Laminate Areal density/(g·m−2) Fiber mass content/% Size/mm Thickness/mm Fiber content/% UHMWPE fiber 146.80 86.00±1.00 300×300 24.00±0.50 82.00±2.00 CNPs-UHMWPE fiber 144.00 表 3 弹道测试实验参数
Table 3. Experimental parameters of ballistic test
Reference
standardProjectile
size/mmVelocity/
(m·s−1)Maximum
BFS/mmRife Material of
projectile coreShooting
angleShooting
stateNIJ 0101.04[22] Ⅲ level 7.62×39 720±10 44 AK-47 Mild-steel (HV210) Normal impacting Clay backing Note: BFS—Back-face signature. 表 4 弹丸侵彻速度和UHMWPE纤维/WPU复合材料层压板弹道测试结果
Table 4. Impacting velocity of projectile and experimental results of UHMWPE fiber/WPU composite laminates
Experimental laminate Shooting sequence Projectile velocity/(m·s−1) Post-impact state Residual thickness/mm BFS/mm UHMWPE fiber/WPU
composite laminate1st 728.597 NP 10.683 24.8 2nd 727.537 NP 10.682 24.6 3rd 721.501 NP 11.679 24.1 4th 729.395 NP 7.616 24.7 5th 725.163 NP 12.335 24.4 6th 717.103 NP 9.880 23.9 CNPs-UHMWPE fiber/
WPU composite laminate1st 723.327 NP 11.636 24.2 2nd 727.008 NP 8.676 23.7 3rd 725.163 CP 0 — Notes: NP—Non-penetrating; CP—Complete penetrating. 表 5 弹道侵彻后UHMWPE纤维/WPU复合材料层压板的损伤参数
Table 5. Damage parameters of post-impact UHMWPE fiber/WPU composite laminate
Shooting sequence Thickness ratio of each stage/% Plug height/mm Maximum damaged span/mm Strain of plastic deformation
in third stage/%First stage Second stage Third stage X-axis Y-axis 1st 12.50 40.29 47.21 3.90 72.32 55.91 1.82 2nd 9.92 44.60 45.48 3.67 66.50 64.11 2.90 3rd 13.43 35.43 51.14 3.54 63.24 74.34 3.04 4th 9.16 59.00 31.84 3.39 87.26 69.74 5.01 5th 11.57 39.53 48.90 3.54 61.27 79.42 6.42 6th 12.50 47.51 39.99 3.10 60.16 77.28 6.50 Avg. 11.51 44.40 44.09 3.52 68.46 70.13 4.28 -
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